Synthesis of graphene articles within Nature Communications

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  • Article
    | Open Access

    It is challenging to produce biomass FG continuously due to the lack of an integrated device. Here, we create an integrated automatic system with energy requirement-oriented allocation to achieve continuous biomass FG production with a much lower carbon footprint.

    • Xiangdong Zhu
    • , Litao Lin
    •  & Yong-Guan Zhu

  • Article
    | Open Access

    The large-scale fabrication of twisted van der Waals heterostructures remains challenging due to the formation of defects and contaminations during the transfer process. Here, the authors report a transfer method to fabricate graphene-based van der Waals superlattices at the wafer scale, showing controllable twist angles and robust quantum Hall effect.

    • Guowen Yuan
    • , Weilin Liu
    •  & Libo Gao

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Nanographenes, as their name suggests, are small sections of graphene. They offer a diverse array of magnetic behaviors; for example, sublattice imbalances in the nanographene lead to unpaired spins. Here, Du et al uncover a large variation in the exchange energy in nanographenes, due to changes in the frontier orbital symmetries.

    • Qingyang Du
    • , Xuelei Su
    •  & Ping Yu

  • Comment
    | Open Access

    More than a decade after the first demonstration of large-scale graphene synthesis by chemical vapor deposition, the commercialization of graphene products is limited not only by price, but also by consistency, reproducibility, and predictability. Here, the author discusses the reproducibility issues in the field and proposes possible solutions to improve the reliability of published results.

    • Peter Bøggild

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Layered 2D materials can be used for organic solvent nanofiltration (OSN) membrane fabrication due to precise molecular sieving by the interlayer structure and stability in harsh conditions. Here authors synthesise sp2-enriched nanoporous graphene by microwave treatment and demonstrate its excellent OSN performance.

    • Junhyeok Kang
    • , Yeongnam Ko
    •  & Dae Woo Kim

  • Article
    | Open Access

    The authors report on harnessing sp2-organic molecules as a basis for uniformly initiating the homoepitaxial-like, size-controlled, synthesis of sub-5 nm semiconducting graphene nanoribbons for electronics via chemical vapor deposition.

    • Austin J. Way
    • , Robert M. Jacobberger
    •  & Michael S. Arnold

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Preparing triangulene-based high spin structures is of interest for molecular spintronics. Here, the authors generate high spin triangulene trimers on Au(111) via a surface-assisted dehydration reaction.

    • Suqin Cheng
    • , Zhijie Xue
    •  & Ping Yu

  • Comment
    | Open Access

    The industrial application of two-dimensional (2D) materials strongly depends on the large-scale manufacturing of high-quality 2D films and powders. Here, the authors analyze three state-of-the art mass production techniques, discussing the recent progress and remaining challenges for future improvements.

    • Soo Ho Choi
    • , Seok Joon Yun
    •  & Young Hee Lee

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Nanographenes are emerging as a distinctive class of functional materials for electronic and optical devices. Here, the authors develop a facile strategy to recompose helicenes into a variety of chiral nanographenes through an oxidative cyclo-rearrangement reaction.

    • Chengshuo Shen
    • , Guoli Zhang
    •  & Huibin Qiu

  • Article
    | Open Access

    The semiconducting ABC configuration of trilayer graphene is more challenging to grow on large scales than its semimetallic ABA counterpart. Here, an approach to trilayer growth via chemical vapor deposition is presented that utilizes substrate curvature to yield enhanced fraction and size of ABC domains.

    • Zhaoli Gao
    • , Sheng Wang
    •  & A. T. Charlie Johnson

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Nano-crystallization is essential to tune different properties of materials. Here, the authors report a synthesis strategy that involves quenching of a hot metal foil for few seconds in liquid carbon source to form graphene films of 3.6 nm grain size, showing mechanical strength of 101 GPa and semiconducting behaviour.

    • Tong Zhao
    • , Chuan Xu
    •  & Wencai Ren

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Specific stacking sequence of graphene can enable observation of unusual properties however it has been difficult to obtain this over wider areas. Here, the authors report wafer-scale growth of 100% AB-stacked bilayer graphene films by CVD on liquid Pt3Si/solid Pt substrates showing high quality and improved mechanical properties comparable to the mechanically exfoliated flakes.

    • Wei Ma
    • , Mao-Lin Chen
    •  & Wencai Ren

  • Article
    | Open Access

    The intrinsic properties of graphene and the resulting device performance are hindered by the impurities produced during the synthesis process. Here, the authors elucidate the origin of contaminations in CVD-grown graphene and devise a strategy towards the scalable production of ultra-clean graphene with >99% clean regions and low contact resistance.

    • Li Lin
    • , Jincan Zhang
    •  & Zhongfan Liu

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Engineering the grain boundary size of chemical vapor deposited monolayer graphene can reversibly tune its electronic properties. Here, the authors report a thermodynamic correlation for 100 μm long channels in graphene by reversibly changing its electronic mobilities from 1,000 to 20,000 cm2 V−1 s−1.

    • Krishna Balasubramanian
    • , Tathagatha Biswas
    •  & Srinivasan Raghavan

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Silicon-based contaminants are ubiquitous in natural graphite, and they are thus expected to be present in exfoliated graphene. Here, the authors show that such impurities play a non-negligible role in graphene-based devices, and use high-purity parent graphite to boost the performance of graphene sensors and supercapacitor microelectrodes.

    • Rouhollah Jalili
    • , Dorna Esrafilzadeh
    •  & Gordon G. Wallace

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Nanographenes with zig-zag peripheries are expected to have unique electronic properties, but their application in organic electronics has been curbed by their difficult synthesis. Here, the authors develop a facile route to zig-zag nanographenes based on a key dehydrative π-extension reaction.

    • Dominik Lungerich
    • , Olena Papaianina
    •  & Konstantin Amsharov

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Graphene oxide membranes show great potential for water filtering, but improving their performance and stability remains difficult. Here, the authors use theanine amino acid and tannic acid to reduce and cross-link graphene oxide membranes with remarkably high permeability and stability in aqueous solution.

    • Khalid Hussain Thebo
    • , Xitang Qian
    •  & Wencai Ren

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Scalable graphene production from graphite via an intercalation-oxidation-reduction process is still hampered by low reproducibility and many lattice defects. Here, the authors show that reducing molecular friction by using highly crystalline graphite and mild oxidizing conditions is the key to high quality graphene.

    • Steffen Seiler
    • , Christian E. Halbig
    •  & Siegfried Eigler

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is a promising technology for sensitive optical sensors, generally using rough metal films. Here, Liu et al. synthesize high-quality graphene quantum dot films which offer a large SERS enhancement due to a strong light-matter interaction with Van Hove singularities.

    • Donghua Liu
    • , Xiaosong Chen
    •  & Dacheng Wei

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Graphene oxide is a graphene derivative showing wide applications, but it suffers from harsh synthetic conditions and long reaction time. Pei et al. show a green electrochemical method to fully oxidize the graphite lattice in a few seconds, which is over 100 times faster than existing methods.

    • Songfeng Pei
    • , Qinwei Wei
    •  & Wencai Ren

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Large-scale graphene production remains challenging because of the tendency of graphene to stack with itself, which requires its dispersion in large amounts of solvent. Here the authors achieve the environmentally favourable production of highly concentrated graphene in water through a non-dispersion, flocculation strategy.

    • Lei Dong
    • , Zhongxin Chen
    •  & Kian Ping Loh

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Graphene holds promise as a protective coating; however, lattice defects may hinder its practical applicability. Here, the authors investigate the oxidation behavior of graphene-coated copper foils and unveil the interplay between structural defects and oxygen radicals from water molecules in ambient air.

    • Jinsung Kwak
    • , Yongsu Jo
    •  & Soon-Yong Kwon

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Atomically precise graphene nanoribbons are a promising platform for tailored electron transport, yet they suffer from low conductivity. Here, the authors devise a strategy to laterally extend conventional chevron nanoribbons, thus achieving increased electrical conductivity and improved chemical sensing capabilities.

    • Mohammad Mehdi Pour
    • , Andrey Lashkov
    •  & Alexander Sinitskii

  • Article
    | Open Access

    The nanoscale patterning of two-dimensional materials offers the possibility of novel optoelectronic properties; however, it remains challenging. Here, Camilli et al. show the self-assembly of large arrays of highly-uniform graphene dots imbedded in a BCN matrix, enabling novel devices.

    • Luca Camilli
    • , Jakob H. Jørgensen
    •  & Liv Hornekær

  • Article
    | Open Access

    A key step in the on-surface synthesis of graphene nanoribbons is thermal annealing of polymer precursors on a metal substrate. Here, Maet al. decouple the cyclodehydrogenation reaction from the catalytic metal substrate and grow graphene nanoribbons by injecting charges at molecular sites.

    • Chuanxu Ma
    • , Zhongcan Xiao
    •  & An-Ping Li

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Controlled preparation of few-layer graphene is a promising, yet challenging technological protocol. Here, the authors perform real-time imaging during chemical vapour deposition growth and hydrogen etching, to gain insight into layer-dependent growth mechanisms and graphene-substrate interaction.

    • Zhu-Jun Wang
    • , Jichen Dong
    •  & Marc-Georg Willinger

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Semiconducting armchair graphene nanoribbons with sub-10 nm width are of great technological importance but yet to realize. Here, the authors report growth of such nanoribbons on germanium and controlled crystallographic orientation and well-defined armchair edges are obtained.

    • Robert M. Jacobberger
    • , Brian Kiraly
    •  & Michael S. Arnold

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Innovative substrate engineering is necessary to improve the quality of CVD-synthesized graphene. Here the authors demonstrate in situfabrication of an eutectic Pt-Si alloy that forms a wetting liquid surface on polycrystalline Pt foils, allowing millimetre-sized graphene crystals to grow in minutes.

    • Vitaliy Babenko
    • , Adrian T. Murdock
    •  & Nicole Grobert

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Bilayer graphene nanoribbons are very promising for future nanoelectronics. Here Lopes et al.show a novel approach for the fabrication of quasi-free-standing bilayer graphene nanoribbons on SiC, based on the precise control of the layer-by-layer growth of graphene and a simple annealing step in air.

    • Myriano H. Oliveira, Jr.
    • , Joao Marcelo J. Lopes
    •  & Henning Riechert

  • Article |

    Current methods for depositing large-area, high-mobility graphene films are complicated by multiple processing steps and high temperatures. Here, the authors demonstrate a plasma chemistry that quickly produces high-mobility graphene on copper in a single step, at reduced temperatures (<420 °C).

    • D.A. Boyd
    • , W.-H. Lin
    •  & N.-C. Yeh

  • Article
    | Open Access

    The growth of high-quality graphene directly on to dielectric substrates is of key importance for future electronic and optoelectronic applications. Here, the authors use silane-catalysed chemical vapour deposition to fabricate large graphene sheets, up to 20 μm in size, on hexagonal boron nitride.

    • Shujie Tang
    • , Haomin Wang
    •  & Mianheng Jiang

  • Article |

    α-Graphyne, a carbon-expanded version of graphene, is predicted to exhibit high conductivity due to its Dirac cone electronic structure. Here, Li et al.design and synthesize a series of molecular fragments of α-graphyne, on the basis of which single molecular junctions are realized.

    • Zhihai Li
    • , Manuel Smeu
    •  & Eric Borguet

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Oxidants currently used in the preparation of graphene oxide (GO) require long reaction times, relatively high temperatures and costly waste treatment. Here, the authors propose the use of a strong green oxidant, K2FeO4, establishing a fast, safe, toxicity-free route to GO production.

    • Li Peng
    • , Zhen Xu
    •  & Chao Gao

  • Article |

    Stacking graphene in such a way that each layer is rotated relative to the one below provides a way of controlling the properties of this useful material. Park et al. now demonstrate a technique for fabricating this twisted graphene in such a way that it has an intrinsic electronic bandgap.

    • Jeongho Park
    • , William C. Mitchel
    •  & Jonghoon Lee

  • Article |

    Current methods for fabricating graphene rely on its transfer from metal surfaces to substrates suitable for device applications. This study demonstrates a transfer-free approach for growing graphene on substrates such as thermally oxidized silicon and plastic that forms the material underneath a nickel film, at the nickel–substrate interface.

    • Jinsung Kwak
    • , Jae Hwan Chu
    •  & Soon-Yong Kwon

  • Article |

    The mass production of high-quality reduced graphene oxide could aid the scale-up of graphene-based technologies. Here, a one-pot reduction of graphene oxide using hydriodic acid and acetic acid provides large quantities of highly conductive reduced graphene oxide.

    • In Kyu Moon
    • , Junghyun Lee
    •  & Hyoyoung Lee

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