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Neural signatures of indirect pathway activity during subthalamic stimulation in Parkinson’s disease
Subthalamic deep brain stimulation produces evoked resonant neural activity (ERNA) which has been linked to therapeutic benefit. Using a multimodal approach, the authors propose that ERNA reflects activation of the basal ganglia indirect pathway network.
- Leon A. Steiner
- , David Crompton
- & Luka Milosevic
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| Open Access
A bionic self-driven retinomorphic eye with ionogel photosynaptic retina
Luo et al. report a self-driven hemispherical retinomorphic eye that employs ionogel heterojunctions as photoreceptors. This photoreceptor exhibits broadband photosynapse, high conformability, retinal transplantation, and visual restoration for re-time optical imaging and motion tracking.
- Xu Luo
- , Chen Chen
- & Wei Huang
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Complex activity and short-term plasticity of human cerebral organoids reciprocally connected with axons
Connecting cerebral organoids with an axon bundle models inter-regional projections and enhances neural activity. Optogenetic stimulation induces short-term plasticity, offering insights into macroscopic circuit development and functionality.
- Tatsuya Osaki
- , Tomoya Duenki
- & Yoshiho Ikeuchi
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High-performance ferroelectric field-effect transistors with ultra-thin indium tin oxide channels for flexible and transparent electronics
Using Zr-doped HfO2 and ultra-thin indium tin oxide, Li et al. develop flexible field-effect transistors with a memory window of 2.78 V and bending reliability to enable high-performance back-end-of-line compatible wearable devices.
- Qingxuan Li
- , Siwei Wang
- & Lin Chen
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Synaptically-targeted long non-coding RNA SLAMR promotes structural plasticity by increasing translation and CaMKII activity
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) function in many processes yet their participation in learning is largely unknown. Here, we identify and characterize the lncRNA SLAMR, which is recruited to stimulated synapses to mediate structural plasticity during experience and fear memory consolidation.
- Isabel Espadas
- , Jenna L. Wingfield
- & Sathyanarayanan Puthanveettil
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Tomosyns attenuate SNARE assembly and synaptic depression by binding to VAMP2-containing template complexes
SNARE-dependent membrane fusion underlies neurotransmission in the nervous system. Here, the authors demonstrate how, in mammalian neurons, the synaptic protein tomosyn controls secretion by increasing the energy barrier for fusion.
- Marieke Meijer
- , Miriam Öttl
- & Matthijs Verhage
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Serotonin modulates excitatory synapse maturation in the developing prefrontal cortex
The role of serotonin in prefrontal cortex development remains unexplored. Here, authors show that serotonin regulates maturation and stabilization of prefrontal excitatory synapses.
- Roberto Ogelman
- , Luis E. Gomez Wulschner
- & Won Chan Oh
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Using deep learning to quantify neuronal activation from single-cell and spatial transcriptomic data
Neuronal activity is associated with transcriptional changes. Here, the authors present a deep learning model that integrates single cell transcriptomic signals to estimate neuronal activation.
- Ethan Bahl
- , Snehajyoti Chatterjee
- & Jacob J. Michaelson
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VAP spatially stabilizes dendritic mitochondria to locally support synaptic plasticity
Brain mitochondria serve as local energy supplies for synapses, and the mechanisms that stabilize mitochondria near dendritic spines are not fully understood. Here, the authors identify the vesicle-associated membrane protein-associated protein VAP as a mitochondrial stabilizer in spatially supporting synaptic plasticity.
- Ojasee Bapat
- , Tejas Purimetla
- & Vidhya Rangaraju
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CA3 hippocampal synaptic plasticity supports ripple physiology during memory consolidation
Memory consolidation requires hippocampal ripples. Here the authors show that AMPA receptor mobilisation at CA3 recurrent synapses is required for ripple-dependent rule consolidation.
- Hajer El Oussini
- , Chun-Lei Zhang
- & Yann Humeau
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Selective plasticity of fast and slow excitatory synapses on somatostatin interneurons in adult visual cortex
Excitatory synapses on somatostatin sensory neurons in the cortex are not fully characterised. Here the authors report that visual cortex somatostatin neurons are regulated by sensory experience by utilizing two distinct types of excitatory synapses.
- Bryce D. Grier
- , Samuel Parkins
- & Hey-Kyoung Lee
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Training-induced circuit-specific excitatory synaptogenesis in mice is required for effort control
The role of synaptogenesis during the acquisition of goal-directed behaviors is unknown. Here, the authors show that learning-induced synaptogenesis in the adult mouse cortex is required to excite a specific circuit to adjust effort exertion.
- Francesco Paolo Ulloa Severino
- , Oluwadamilola O. Lawal
- & Cagla Eroglu
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Norepinephrine release in the cerebellum contributes to aversive learning
The role of norepinephrine in cerebellum during fear learning is not fully understood. Here the authors investigate the role of a pathway from locus coeruleus to the cerebellum that contributes to fear memory formation.
- Adrien T. Stanley
- , Michael R. Post
- & Maria Concetta Miniaci
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Experimental validation of the free-energy principle with in vitro neural networks
Empirical applications of the free-energy principle entail a commitment to a particular process theory. Here, the authors reverse engineered generative models from neural responses of in vitro networks and demonstrated that the free-energy principle could predict how neural networks reorganized in response to external stimulation.
- Takuya Isomura
- , Kiyoshi Kotani
- & Karl J. Friston
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Glial Draper signaling triggers cross-neuron plasticity in bystander neurons after neuronal cell death in Drosophila
Neuronal death is a feature of development and neurodegeneration. Here, the authors report that ablation of Drosophila motor neurons triggers Draper-dependent signaling in glia to engage ‘cross-neuron plasticity’ in bystander neurons.
- Yupu Wang
- , Ruiling Zhang
- & Robert A. Carrillo
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Homeostatic synaptic plasticity rescues neural coding reliability
How synaptic plasticity affects neural coding reliability is not well understood. Here, the authors find that reducing neurotransmitter release probability triggers a homeostatic compensation to maintain neural coding and behavioral reliability.
- Eyal Rozenfeld
- , Nadine Ehmann
- & Moshe Parnas
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A glutamate receptor C-tail recruits CaMKII to suppress retrograde homeostatic signaling
Presynaptic homeostatic plasticity adaptively enhances neurotransmitter release following diminished postsynaptic glutamate receptor functionality. Here the authors identify a calcium-independent signaling system where active CaMKII detects a short domain encoded in a glutamate receptor C-tail, which gates retrograde homeostatic communication at a model glutamatergic synapse.
- Sarah Perry
- , Yifu Han
- & Dion Dickman
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Reconfigurable neuromorphic memristor network for ultralow-power smart textile electronics
Neuromorphic computing memristors are attractive to construct low-power- consumption electronic textiles. Here, authors report an ultralow-power textile memristor network of Ag/MoS2/HfAlOx/carbon nanotube with reconfigurable characteristics and firing energy consumption of 1.9 fJ/spike.
- Tianyu Wang
- , Jialin Meng
- & Lin Chen
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| Open Access
Stress-driven potentiation of lateral hypothalamic synapses onto ventral tegmental area dopamine neurons causes increased consumption of palatable food
Stress can increase the consumption of rewarding food, which contributes to obesity and binge eating disorders. Here the authors show that stress eating depends on a strengthened connection between the lateral hypothalamus and the dopamine system.
- Louisa E. Linders
- , Lefkothea Patrikiou
- & Frank J. Meye
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Binary-FRET reveals transient excited-state structure associated with activity-dependent CaMKII - NR2B binding and adaptation
FRET can be used to study conformational changes and protein-protein interactions. Here the authors report Binary-FRET for monitoring two FRET reactions, one encoded in the fluorescence lifetime of the donor, another encoded in its anisotropy, and monitor the dynamics of CaMKII and its interaction with NR2B.
- Tuan A. Nguyen
- , Henry L. Puhl III
- & Steven S. Vogel
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Controlled activation of cortical astrocytes modulates neuropathic pain-like behaviour
Astrocytes may contribute to synaptic remodelling in the cortex in chronic pain states. Here the authors describe modulation of astrocyte activity to drive circuit reorganization in somatosensory cortex in mice, along with peripheral nerve block, which could be a potential therapeutic approach for the treatment of chronic pain.
- Ikuko Takeda
- , Kohei Yoshihara
- & Junichi Nabekura
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Asynchronous glutamate release is enhanced in low release efficacy synapses and dispersed across the active zone
Neurotransmitters can be released with a delay in relation to action potentials. This work demonstrates how this asynchronous release is related to overall vesicle release probability and short-term plasticity.
- Philipe R. F. Mendonça
- , Erica Tagliatti
- & Kirill E. Volynski
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Norepinephrine potentiates and serotonin depresses visual cortical responses by transforming eligibility traces
Previous work has identified synaptic eligibility traces in slice preparations. Here the authors provide demonstration of eligibility traces in vivo during reinforcement learning.
- Su Z. Hong
- , Lukas Mesik
- & Alfredo Kirkwood
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A calcium-based plasticity model for predicting long-term potentiation and depression in the neocortex
The study of learning algorithms in the neocortex requires comprehensive knowledge of synaptic plasticity between its diverse cell types, which is currently lacking. Chindemi et al. describe a modeling approach to fill these gaps in experimental literature, and predict the features of synaptic plasticity in vivo.
- Giuseppe Chindemi
- , Marwan Abdellah
- & Eilif B. Muller
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Induction of synapse formation by de novo neurotransmitter synthesis
Neuronal communication relies on matching different neurostransmitter types with their appropriate receptors. The authors here demonstrate that release of a novel neurotransmitter from presynaptic terminals can induce both the accumulation and activation of its corresponding receptors on postsynaptic neurons.
- Scott R. Burlingham
- , Nicole F. Wong
- & Soham Chanda
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Molecular encoding and synaptic decoding of context during salt chemotaxis in C. elegans
The nematode C. elegans moves around to find an optimal environment. This work demonstrates how it can detect and move towards a previously learned salinity using the salt-sensing neuron ASER.
- Shingo Hiroki
- , Hikari Yoshitane
- & Yuichi Iino
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Coincidence of cholinergic pauses, dopaminergic activation and depolarisation of spiny projection neurons drives synaptic plasticity in the striatum
It remains unclear how corticostriatal synapses utilize reward prediction error signaling in order to reinforce reward-related behaviors. Here, the authors show that potentiation of corticostriatal synapses requires phasic dopamine activation, pauses in striatal cholinergic interneuron firing, and depolarization of spiny projection neurons.
- John N. J. Reynolds
- , Riccardo Avvisati
- & Yan-Feng Zhang
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Presynaptic NMDARs on spinal nociceptor terminals state-dependently modulate synaptic transmission and pain
Postsynaptic NMDARs at spinal synapses are required for postsynaptic long-term potentiation and chronic pain. Here, the authors show that also presynaptic NMDARs in spinal nociceptor terminals modulate synaptic transmission in a nociceptive tone-dependent manner.
- Rou-Gang Xie
- , Wen-Guang Chu
- & Ceng Luo
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Dendritic autophagy degrades postsynaptic proteins and is required for long-term synaptic depression in mice
Pruning dendritic spines requires autophagy. Here, the authors show that autophagy is required for long-term depression (LTD), a major form of synaptic plasticity. LTD induces the biogenesis of autophagic vesicles locally in dendrites to facilitate the degradation of postsynaptic proteins.
- Emmanouela Kallergi
- , Akrivi-Dimitra Daskalaki
- & Vassiliki Nikoletopoulou
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| Open Access
GPCR voltage dependence controls neuronal plasticity and behavior
G-protein coupled receptors are regulated by the membrane potential in vitro. Here, the authors show that muscarinic receptor voltage independence causes a strong behavioural effect of increased odour habituation, showing that these receptors are also in vivo modulated by the membrane potential.
- Eyal Rozenfeld
- , Merav Tauber
- & Moshe Parnas
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Functional and molecular characterization of a non-human primate model of autism spectrum disorder shows similarity with the human disease
Non-human primate models of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are few and not well characterised. Here, the authors describe synaptic function and gene expression changes in a marmoset model of ASD from birth to juvenile, highlighting its similarity to features observed in human ASD.
- Satoshi Watanabe
- , Tohru Kurotani
- & Noritaka Ichinohe
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Oligodendrocytic Na+-K+-Cl– co-transporter 1 activity facilitates axonal conduction and restores plasticity in the adult mouse brain
Brain plasticity declines with age. Here, the authors show that NKCC1 regulates oligodendrocyte activity, facilitating neuronal plasticity during juvenile. Inducing activation of oligodendrocytic NKCC1 results in restoration of neuronal plasticity in the adult mouse brain.
- Yoshihiko Yamazaki
- , Yoshifumi Abe
- & Kenji F. Tanaka
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AMPA receptor anchoring at CA1 synapses is determined by N-terminal domain and TARP γ8 interactions
Changes in AMPAR localization can control the strength of synaptic transmission. Here, the authors show that the interactions of TARP γ8 and the AMPAR N-terminal domain work together to regulate receptor accumulation and positioning at the post-synapse of mouse hippocampal CA1 neurons.
- Jake F. Watson
- , Alexandra Pinggera
- & Ingo H. Greger
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Stress-primed secretory autophagy promotes extracellular BDNF maturation by enhancing MMP9 secretion
Glucocorticoids are associated with stress. Here, the authors show that high levels of glucocorticoid stress promote secretory autophagy of matrix metalloproteinase 9 via a stress responsive chaperone, increasing brain-derived neurotrophic factor processing and potentially altering adult synaptic plasticity.
- Silvia Martinelli
- , Elmira A. Anderzhanova
- & Nils C. Gassen
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Emergence of local and global synaptic organization on cortical dendrites
Synaptic inputs on neuronal dendrites exhibit remarkable organization at different spatial scales, which emerges during the early postnatal development. Kirchner and Gjorgjieva propose a biophysically motivated computational model to explain the different types of organization in mouse and ferret.
- Jan H. Kirchner
- & Julijana Gjorgjieva
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PKC-phosphorylation of Liprin-α3 triggers phase separation and controls presynaptic active zone structure
Liquid–liquid phase separation may be a mechanism for organizing the presynaptic nerve terminal. Here, the authors show that PKC-mediated phosphorylation of Liprin-α3 triggers phase separation in cell lines and modulates active zone structure and function in primary hippocampal neurons.
- Javier Emperador-Melero
- , Man Yan Wong
- & Pascal S. Kaeser
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Transsynaptic modulation of presynaptic short-term plasticity in hippocampal mossy fiber synapses
Post‐tetanic potentiation (PTP) is a major form of plasticity at hippocampal mossy fiber synapses and is considered an entirely presynaptic phenomenon. The authors show that mossy fiber PTP not only lacks associativity, but rather shows anti‐associative induction properties, implementing a brake on mossy fiber detonation.
- David Vandael
- , Yuji Okamoto
- & Peter Jonas
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NMDAR-dependent long-term depression is associated with increased short term plasticity through autophagy mediated loss of PSD-95
Long-term depression (LTD) of synaptic strength contributes to circuit remodeling, memory encoding and erasure. Here, the authors show that P2XR- and NMDAR-dependent LTD are associated with distinct and precise molecular modifications that lead to specific modification of synapse function.
- Benjamin Compans
- , Come Camus
- & Eric Hosy
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| Open Access
High-frequency head impact causes chronic synaptic adaptation and long-term cognitive impairment in mice
Repeated head impact exposure can cause memory and behavioural impairments but the physiological changes in the brain are not well understood. Here, the authors reveal synaptic adaptations as a potential mechanism for early abnormal behavioural events observed after mild and high-frequency head impact.
- Stephanie S. Sloley
- , Bevan S. Main
- & Mark P. Burns
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| Open Access
Learning with reinforcement prediction errors in a model of the Drosophila mushroom body
Dopamine neurons in the mushroom body help Drosophila learn to approach rewards and avoid punishments. Here, the authors propose a model in which dopaminergic learning signals encode reinforcement prediction errors by utilising feedback reinforcement predictions from mushroom body output neurons.
- James E. M. Bennett
- , Andrew Philippides
- & Thomas Nowotny
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| Open Access
Unc13A and Unc13B contribute to the decoding of distinct sensory information in Drosophila
The physical distance between synaptic Ca2+ channels and sensors modulates short-term plasticity (STP). Here, the authors show that synaptic release factors Unc13A and Unc13B distinctly couple with Ca2+ channels and contribute to the neural decoding of distinct sensory information in Drosophila.
- Atefeh Pooryasin
- , Marta Maglione
- & Stephan J. Sigrist
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| Open Access
Canonical versus non-canonical transsynaptic signaling of neuroligin 3 tunes development of sociality in mice
Mutations of Neuroligin 3 (NLGN3) have been associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Here, the authors identify a previously undescribed interaction between NLGN3 and a splice variant of protein tyrosine phosphatase δ (PTP δ) and its role in development of social behaviour in mice.
- Tomoyuki Yoshida
- , Atsushi Yamagata
- & Shuya Fukai
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| Open Access
Travelling spindles create necessary conditions for spike-timing-dependent plasticity in humans
Sleep spindles during non-rapid eye movement are important for memory consolidation and require specific neuronal firing conditions in non-human mammals. Here, the authors show these conditions are present in humans, potentially facilitating spike-timing-dependent plasticity.
- Charles W. Dickey
- , Anna Sargsyan
- & Eric Halgren
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Article
| Open Access
Photoactivatable CaMKII induces synaptic plasticity in single synapses
Optogenetic control of molecules is important in cell biology and neuroscience. Here, the authors describe an optogenetic tool to control the Ca²+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II and use it to control plasticity at the single synapse level.
- Akihiro C. E. Shibata
- , Hiromi H. Ueda
- & Hideji Murakoshi
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| Open Access
BNIP3L/NIX-mediated mitophagy protects against glucocorticoid-induced synapse defects
Stress-induced glucocorticoids cause mitochondrial damage in neurons, but they are not cleared by mitophagy. Here, the authors show that glucocorticoids inhibit NIX-dependent basal mitophagy, contributing to neurodegeneration in a mouse model that can be reversed by pretreatment with a NIX enhancer.
- Gee Euhn Choi
- , Hyun Jik Lee
- & Ho Jae Han
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| Open Access
PKA drives an increase in AMPA receptor unitary conductance during LTP in the hippocampus
Long-term potentiation at hippocampal CA1 synapses can be due to increasing the number and/or single-channel conductance of AMPA receptors. The authors show that PKA and CaMKII are necessary and together sufficient to increase single channel conductance, via insertion of calcium-permeable AMPA receptors.
- Pojeong Park
- , John Georgiou
- & Graham L. Collingridge
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| Open Access
Structural basis of GABARAP-mediated GABAA receptor trafficking and functions on GABAergic synaptic transmission
The GABARAP protein is known to support the stability of GABAA receptors (GABAARs) in synapses, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remained to be elucidated. Here authors use biochemistry, X-ray crystallography and electrophsyiology and show that GABARAP directly binds to a previously unappreciated region in the γ2 subunit of GABAAR.
- Jin Ye
- , Guichang Zou
- & Chao Wang
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| Open Access
LTD is involved in the formation and maintenance of rat hippocampal CA1 place-cell fields
LTP and LTD are involved in shaping hippocampal place field representations. Here, the authors show that de novo pathway-specific hippocampal LTD changes dynamics and stability of newly formed place fields, regulating acquisition and maintenance of novel spatial information in adult rats.
- Donovan M. Ashby
- , Stan B. Floresco
- & Yu Tian Wang
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| Open Access
Inhibitory neurotransmission drives endocannabinoid degradation to promote memory consolidation
Endocannabinoid levels are controlled by the fine balance between their synthesis and degradation. Here, the authors show that memory formation through fear conditioning selectively accelerates the degradation of endocannabinoids in the cerebellum via a lasting increase in GABA release.
- Christophe J. Dubois
- , Jessica Fawcett-Patel
- & Siqiong June Liu
Intracellular magnesium optimizes transmission efficiency and plasticity of hippocampal synapses by reconfiguring their connectivity