Solid-state chemistry articles from across Nature Portfolio

Commercial adiabatic demagnetisation refrigerators are typically based on hydrated salts that are subject to corrosion and have poor thermal conductivity and low entropy at sub-Kelvin temperatures. Here, YbNi_1.6Sn is identified as a metallic magnetocaloric which retains high entropy into the 100 mK regime, providing an economical and durable alternative to magnetic refrigeration.

Ion exchange is a powerful method to access metastable materials for energy storage, but identifying lithium and sodium interchange in layered oxides remains challenging. Using such model materials, vacancy level and corresponding lithium preference are shown to be crucial for ion exchange pathway accessibility.

Hong et al. report 2D perovskite lateral homojunction consists of ordered and disordered phases, achieved by organic cation doping induced phase pinning, built upon which they develop tuneable optical properties under external stimuli and directional exciton diffusion in the homojunctions.

The development of new methodologies to convert plastics into fuels without relying on noble metal-based catalysts is desirable. Now it is shown that a layered self-pillared zeolite enables the conversion of polyethylene to gasoline with a selectivity of 99% and yields of >80% without the need to use external hydrogen.

Solid-state lithium metal batteries have the potential to meet energy density and safety requirements that current commercial Li-ion batteries cannot. Given their solid-state components, these batteries are subject to — and strongly affected by — external pressure during their manufacturing and operation. This Review examines the relationship between external pressure and electrochemical behaviour in these batteries.

The authors demonstrate that carbides with infinite chains of fused [C6] and [C5] rings are synthesized at deep planetary pressures and temperatures. Hydrolysis of these carbides may lead to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the Universe.

The study of disordered materials poses numerous challenges, and computational approaches have proved useful to supplement and support structural experiments. Now, an abstract computational model has been used to study the structure of amorphous calcium carbonate, providing mechanistic insights into the emergence of the disordered phase as well as its atomic-level configurations.

The factors that control the solubility of a salt are many and varied. Now a set of salts with closely related cations suggests that weak London dispersion-controlled CH···π interactions can dominate solubility, despite the presence of much stronger forces.

The atomically precise assembly of metal nanoparticles offers vast possibilities for materials chemistry. Ring-shaped polyoxometalates have now served to stabilize Ag₃₀ nanoparticles with exposed surfaces.

An article in Nature Communications reports a solid-state epitaxy strategy to disperse single cobalt atoms in silicon, synthesizing single-atom photocatalysts that outperform any other so far for visible-light-driven syngas production.

The chemistry of polynitrogens has been enriched by a new isomer of N₆ through the synthesis, in a laser-heated diamond anvil cell, of a charged aromatic [N₆]^4– ring that is recoverable at ambient temperature under high pressure.

A thermoelectric material is presented which adopts a tungsten bronze structure with high-entropy properties but without rare-earth metals. Through entropy engineering, the Seebeck coefficient is optimized and the thermal conductivity is minimized, thereby creating the most efficient thermoelectric material of its kind.