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Lysine methylation of VCP by a member of a novel human protein methyltransferase family
Methyltransferases modify cellular proteins in addition to DNA and histones. These authors identify a new family of lysine-specific methyltransferases and show that a member of this family, which is associated with tumour metastasis, methylates the ATP-dependent protein chaperone VCP/p97.
- Stefan Kernstock
- , Erna Davydova
- & Pål Ø. Falnes
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Structures of Pup ligase PafA and depupylase Dop from the prokaryotic ubiquitin-like modification pathway
Pupylation is a bacterial posttranslational modification pathway with functional analogies to ubiquitination. Here, Özceliket al.report the structures of the Pup Ligase, PafA and the Depupylase, Dop. Mutational analysis revealed residues required for catalysis and for the interaction with Pup.
- Dennis Özcelik
- , Jonas Barandun
- & Eilika Weber-Ban
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| Open AccessPINK1 autophosphorylation upon membrane potential dissipation is essential for Parkin recruitment to damaged mitochondria
The kinase PINK1 is mutated in Parkinson's disease and accumulates in defective mitochondria, where it recruits Parkin. Here, PINK1 is shown to be autophosphorylated and this is required for the localization of PINK1 to mitochondria with a reduced membrane potential, and for the recruitment of Parkin.
- Kei Okatsu
- , Toshihiko Oka
- & Noriyuki Matsuda
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| Open AccessProtein L-isoaspartyl methyltransferase regulates p53 activity
Protein L-isoaspartyl methyltransferase (PIMT) is a carboxyl methyltransferase, but its role in regulating the tumour suppressor p53 is unclear. Here, PIMT is shown to methylate p53, obstructing the tumour suppressor function of p53 through reduced protein levels and stability.
- Jae-Cheol Lee
- , Sung-Ung Kang
- & Jeung-Whan Han
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SUMO1 modification of PTEN regulates tumorigenesis by controlling its association with the plasma membrane
PTEN is a tumour suppressor that inhibits activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway. These authors show that PTEN is SUMOylated on two lysine residues and that this modification is required for binding to acidic phospholipids and blocking tumour formation in mice.
- Jian Huang
- , Jie Yan
- & Jianxiu Yu
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| Open AccessSUMO modification of the neuroprotective protein TDP1 facilitates chromosomal single-strand break repair
Tyrosyl DNA phosphodiesterase 1 (TDP1) repairs DNA breaks and is mutated in the disease Spinocerebellar Ataxia with Axonal Neuropathy. Here TDP1 is shown to be post-translationally modified by sumoylation of lysine 111, and cells carrying a mutation at this residue are inefficient at single-strand DNA break repair.
- Jessica J.R. Hudson
- , Shih-Chieh Chiang
- & Sherif F. El-Khamisy
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The ubiquitin ligase HACE1 regulates Golgi membrane dynamics during the cell cycle
The Golgi membrane is fragmented during mitosis and is subsequently fused following cell division and this process is known to be controlled by ubiquitination. In this study, the ubiquitin ligase HACE1 is shown to be targeted to the Golgi membrane and is required for fusion after the completion of mitosis.
- Danming Tang
- , Yi Xiang
- & Yanzhuang Wang
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Regulation of MITF stability by the USP13 deubiquitinase
MITF is a transcription factor required for melanocyte development, which is activated in some melanomas. Zhao and colleagues show that USP13 removes ubiquitin from MITF, stabilizes MITF protein levels and enhances colony formation, suggesting that USP13 may be a therapeutic target in melanoma.
- Xiansi Zhao
- , Brian Fiske
- & David E Fisher
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| Open AccessArabidopsis nitrate reductase activity is stimulated by the E3 SUMO ligase AtSIZ1
Posttranslational modification of proteins by small ubiquitin-related modifier is a response to stress signalling in plants. Here, theArabdiposisprotein SIZ1 is shown to cause SUMOylation of nitrate reductases 1 and 2 and to increase their activity, suggesting that SIZ1 controls nitrate uptake via SUMOylation.
- Bong Soo Park
- , Jong Tae Song
- & Hak Soo Seo
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Cyclin B-dependent kinase 1 regulates human TRF1 to modulate the resolution of sister telomeres
TRF1 is a telomere binding protein involved in sister telomere cohesion. In this study, the ability of TRF1 to bind to telomeres in mitosis is inhibited by cyclin-dependent kinase 1-mediated phosphorylation, which may facilitate sister telomere resolution during mitosis.
- Megan McKerlie
- & Xu-Dong Zhu
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| Open AccessGenetics and the environment converge to dysregulate N-glycosylation in multiple sclerosis
Complex diseases such as multiple sclerosis have both genetic and environmental components. This study demonstrates that variants of genes implicated in multiple sclerosis, and alterations in cellular metabolism and vitamin D3 levels, alterN-glycosylation, a post-translational modification causal of the disease in mice.
- Haik Mkhikian
- , Ani Grigorian
- & Michael Demetriou
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The acetylation of tau inhibits its function and promotes pathological tau aggregation
Phosphorylation of the microtubule-associated protein tau is associated with disease, but other post-translational modifications of tau are not well studied. Here, Cohenet al. study the acetylation of tau and suggest that this form of the protein may be associated with tauopathies.
- Todd J. Cohen
- , Jing L. Guo
- & Virginia M. Y. Lee
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| Open AccessThe Ufm1-activating enzyme Uba5 is indispensable for erythroid differentiation in mice
Post-translational modifications are important in regulating protein function and turnover, and Ufm1 is part of a recently identified protein modification system. In this study, the authors show that Uba5, a component of the Ufm1 system, is important for regulating haematopoiesis and the differentiation of erythroid cells.
- Kanako Tatsumi
- , Harumi Yamamoto-Mukai
- & Masaaki Komatsu
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Calmodulin methyltransferase is an evolutionarily conserved enzyme that trimethylates Lys-115 in calmodulin
Calmodulin is a key mediator of calcium-dependent signalling and is subject to post-translational modifications. Here, evolutionarily conserved methyltransferases are identified which trimethylate Lys-115 of calmodulin, implying a broad role in calcium-dependent signalling.
- Roberta Magnani
- , Lynnette M.A. Dirk
- & Robert L. Houtz