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| Open AccessGABAergic neurons in the rostromedial tegmental nucleus are essential for rapid eye movement sleep suppression
The neural circuits regulating REM sleep are poorly understood. The authors reveal that GABAergic neurons in the rostromedial tegmental nucleus suppress the onset and maintenance of REM sleep, and that projections of these neurons to the LDT and LH mediate distinct REM sleep transitions.
- Ya-Nan Zhao
- , Jian-Bo Jiang
- & Su-Rong Yang
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Article
| Open AccessA circuit from the ventral subiculum to anterior hypothalamic nucleus GABAergic neurons essential for anxiety-like behavioral avoidance
Anxiety is thought to be evolutionarily rooted in predator defense. Yan et al. show that GABAergic neurons in the anterior hypothalamic nucleus (AHN), a node in the predator defense network, play an essential role in anxiety-like behaviors.
- Jing-Jing Yan
- , Xiao-Jing Ding
- & Xiao-Hong Xu
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Article
| Open AccessAn integrated resource for functional and structural connectivity of the marmoset brain
Mapping brain connections is critical for decoding brain functions. Here, the authors present an integrated resource of awake resting-state fMRI and neuronal tracing data of marmosets to understand structural-functional relationships of brain connections.
- Xiaoguang Tian
- , Yuyan Chen
- & Cirong Liu
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Article
| Open AccessActivated astrocytes attenuate neocortical seizures in rodent models through driving Na+-K+-ATPase
Neocortical epilepsy is resistant to current treatments. Zhao et al. report that optogenetic stimulation of astrocytes effectively attenuates seizures via driving Na+-K+-ATPase, indicating a potential treatment strategy for intractable epilepsy.
- Junli Zhao
- , Jinyi Sun
- & Yi Wang
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Article
| Open AccessLong-range GABAergic projections contribute to cortical feedback control of sensory processing
Classically, corticofugal feedback projections that adjust sensory processing are excitatory. Here, the authors uncover the presence of top-down inhibitory projections from cortical GABAergic neurons in the olfactory system, which directly inhibit olfactory bulb circuits.
- Camille Mazo
- , Antoine Nissant
- & Gabriel Lepousez
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Article
| Open AccessStress-driven potentiation of lateral hypothalamic synapses onto ventral tegmental area dopamine neurons causes increased consumption of palatable food
Stress can increase the consumption of rewarding food, which contributes to obesity and binge eating disorders. Here the authors show that stress eating depends on a strengthened connection between the lateral hypothalamus and the dopamine system.
- Louisa E. Linders
- , Lefkothea Patrikiou
- & Frank J. Meye
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Article
| Open AccessSexually dimorphic architecture and function of a mechanosensory circuit in C. elegans
Mechanosensation is crucial for survival in many organisms. Here, authors reveal that the two sexes of C. elegans show dramatic differences in circuit architecture, neuronal activity and molecular components to drive mechanosensory behavior.
- Hagar Setty
- , Yehuda Salzberg
- & Meital Oren-Suissa
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| Open AccessBidirectional and parallel relationships in macaque face circuit revealed by fMRI and causal pharmacological inactivation
The functional and causal relationships among the inferotemporal face patches remain elusive. Here, using fMRI and pharmacological inactivation, the authors discover an antero-posterior bidirectional and fundal-lateral parallel organization of these face patches.
- Ning Liu
- , Marlene Behrmann
- & Leslie G. Ungerleider
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Article
| Open AccessNeural circuit dynamics of drug-context associative learning in the mouse hippocampus
Drug-associated contexts are a strong trigger for relapse to substance use. Here, the authors report that a subpopulation of neurons in the hippocampus of mice specifically encode drug-associated contextual information.
- Yanjun Sun
- & Lisa M. Giocomo
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Article
| Open AccessSharp-wave ripple doublets induce complex dendritic spikes in parvalbumin interneurons in vivo
The influence of sharp-wave ripples (SPW-Rs) on dendritic computation remains poorly understood. Here, the authors demonstrate the existence of SPW-R associated, branch-specific, dendritic spikes which serve as a temporal and spatial coincidence detectors during SPW-R-doublets in PV+ interneuron dendrites of awake mice.
- Linda Judák
- , Balázs Chiovini
- & Balázs Rózsa
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Article
| Open AccessSalience memories formed by value, novelty and aversiveness jointly shape object responses in the prefrontal cortex and basal ganglia
How object salience is encoded in the cortex and basal ganglia remains incompletely understood. Here, the authors show that individual prefrontal cortex neurons are jointly sensitive to the memory of value, aversiveness, novelty, and recency of objects, while the substantia nigra reticulata filters out novelty and recency signals but amplifies value and aversive memories.
- Ali Ghazizadeh
- & Okihide Hikosaka
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Article
| Open AccessMicro-scale functional modules in the human temporal lobe
The sensory cortices of many mammals consist of modules in the form of cortical columns. By analyzing functional connectivity and neural responses to visual stimuli, the authors show that this organization may extend to the human temporal lobe.
- Julio I. Chapeton
- , John H. Wittig Jr
- & Kareem A. Zaghloul
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Article
| Open AccessFunctional architecture of executive control and associated event-related potentials in macaques
The authors examine the cortical microcircuitry relating to executive control in macaques. They describe three classes of neurons that signal response conflict, event timing, and maintenance of task goals, as well as their relations with event-related potentials that are associated with response inhibition.
- Amirsaman Sajad
- , Steven P. Errington
- & Jeffrey D. Schall
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| Open AccessReward and aversion processing by input-defined parallel nucleus accumbens circuits in mice
The nucleus accumbens (NAc) is involved in mediating reward seeking and negative valence. Here, the authors present evidence for afferent-specific circuitry of the NAc in the control of reward and aversion via two distinct pathway.
- Kuikui Zhou
- , Hua Xu
- & Yingjie Zhu
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Article
| Open AccessHemisphere-specific spatial representation by hippocampal granule cells
Lateralization of hippocampal function has been observed in CA1-3, but the extent to which there is lateralization in the dentate gyrus is less clear. Using 2-photon calcium imaging of granule cells over five days in mice, the authors explore differences in spatial encoding between the left and right dentate gyrus.
- Thibault Cholvin
- & Marlene Bartos
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Article
| Open AccessGuidance landscapes unveiled by quantitative proteomics to control reinnervation in adult visual system
Long-distance regeneration in the adult central nervous system shows severe guidance defects preventing circuit reformation. Here, the authors reveal a comprehensive map of guidance cues in the adult visual system that can be used to modulate the path of regenerating axons to achieve circuit repair.
- Noemie Vilallongue
- , Julia Schaeffer
- & Homaira Nawabi
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Article
| Open AccessNigrostriatal dopamine pathway regulates auditory discrimination behavior
The auditory striatum, the tail portion of dorsal striatum, is implicated in decision-making. This study uncovers a phasic mechanism within the nigrostriatal system that regulates auditory decisions by modulating ongoing auditory perception.
- Allen P. F. Chen
- , Jeffrey M. Malgady
- & Qiaojie Xiong
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Article
| Open AccessCenter-surround interactions underlie bipolar cell motion sensitivity in the mouse retina
Motion vision is critical for survival. Here the authors show that motion detection occurs already in bipolar cells of the mouse retina, which may contribute to motion processing throughout the visual system.
- Sarah Strauss
- , Maria M. Korympidou
- & Anna L. Vlasits
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Article
| Open AccessInsular cortical circuits as an executive gateway to decipher threat or extinction memory via distinct subcortical pathways
Ensembles of fear and extinction memories compete and interact to drive opposing behaviors. Here the authors identified insular cortical circuits as an executive gateway that decipher between fear and extinction memories via distinct subcortical pathways.
- Qi Wang
- , Jia-Jie Zhu
- & Tian-Le Xu
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Article
| Open AccessFlexible cue anchoring strategies enable stable head direction coding in both sighted and blind animals
Vision plays an important role in the head direction cell system in animals. Here the authors recorded from head direction cells in rd1 mice that show retinal degeneration at 1 month, and find that they use smell cues to maintain stable HD tuning.
- Kadjita Asumbisa
- , Adrien Peyrache
- & Stuart Trenholm
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| Open AccessHigh-density electrode recordings reveal strong and specific connections between retinal ganglion cells and midbrain neurons
The superior colliculus receives visual information from retinal ganglion cells, but it remains unclear how this information is organized and integrated in vivo. Here the authors describe how high-density electrodes can simultaneously capture the activity of incoming axons and target neurons in the superior colliculus, and demonstrate isomorphic mapping and strong and specific connections in mice and zebrafinches.
- Jérémie Sibille
- , Carolin Gehr
- & Jens Kremkow
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| Open AccessSubcortical-cortical dynamical states of the human brain and their breakdown in stroke
Favaretto et al. show that the brain rapidly alternates between transient connectivity patterns, with cortical regions flexibly synchronizing with two groups of subcortical regions, and that this dynamic is abnormal in stroke patients.
- Chiara Favaretto
- , Michele Allegra
- & Maurizio Corbetta
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Article
| Open AccessA brainstem monosynaptic excitatory pathway that drives locomotor activities and sympathetic cardiovascular responses
Functional brain architecture underlying autonomic adjustments to exercise has remained unknown. Here, the authors reveal a subcortical pathway that relays volitional motor signals to drive locomotor activities and sympathetic cardiovascular responses.
- Satoshi Koba
- , Nao Kumada
- & Tatsuo Watanabe
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Article
| Open AccessOrganization of the gravity-sensing system in zebrafish
How sensory systems are organized during development remains unclear. Here, the authors used electron microscopy to examine the gravity-sensing system in zebrafish, finding that directional tuning and developmental age are organizing principles of the transformation from vestibular sensation to motor control.
- Zhikai Liu
- , David G. C. Hildebrand
- & Martha W. Bagnall
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Article
| Open AccessCholinergic basal forebrain nucleus of Meynert regulates chronic pain-like behavior via modulation of the prelimbic cortex
The basal nucleus of Meynert (NBM) plays a role in cognition by modulating cortical circuits. Here, the authors demonstrate plasticity of the NBM upon tissue injury, and that activating NBM cholinergic-GABAergic projections to the prefrontal cortex alleviates chronic pain-like behaviour in mice.
- Manfred J. Oswald
- , Yechao Han
- & Rohini Kuner
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Article
| Open AccessDiscrete subicular circuits control generalization of hippocampal seizures
The subiculum is known to contribute to seizures in epilepsy. Here the authors investigate the circuit mechanism by which the subiculum contributes to initiation and propagation of hippocampal seizures in a mouse model.
- Fan Fei
- , Xia Wang
- & Yi Wang
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Article
| Open AccessMicroengineered devices enable long-term imaging of the ventral nerve cord in behaving adult Drosophila
Minimally invasive procedures for tracking neural activity are important for understanding of neural networks. Here the authors describe microfabricated implants and windows that enable long-term recordings of motor circuit activity in Drosophila, allowing them to watch how neurons change their structure and activity over weeks.
- Laura Hermans
- , Murat Kaynak
- & Pavan Ramdya
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| Open AccessPopulation-based tract-to-region connectome of the human brain and its hierarchical topology
The brain connectome maps region-to-region connections but often ignores the role of the connecting pathways. Here, the authors mapped the tract-to-region relations to reveal the hierarchical relation of fiber bundles and dorsal, ventral, and limbic networks.
- Fang-Cheng Yeh
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Article
| Open AccessNeural circuit for social authentication in song learning
Human and bird infants acquire vocal patterns from live, not mimetic, tutors. Here, the authors identified the neuronal circuits to authenticate social information in zebra finch song learning, suggesting a brain developmental mechanism via social interactions.
- Jelena Katic
- , Yuichi Morohashi
- & Yoko Yazaki-Sugiyama
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Article
| Open AccessA direct excitatory projection from entorhinal layer 6b neurons to the hippocampus contributes to spatial coding and memory
The mammalian hippocampal formation plays a key role in several higher brain functions. Here, the authors show that excitatory neurons in layer 6b of the mouse EC project to all sub-regions comprising the hippocampal formation and receive input from the CA1, thalamus and claustrum.
- Yoav Ben-Simon
- , Karola Kaefer
- & Peter Jonas
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| Open AccessDistractibility and impulsivity neural states are distinct from selective attention and modulate the implementation of spatial attention
Failing to detect relevant information has been assumed to be a consequence of misallocation of attention. Here, the authors present findings showing that optimal behavioral performance results from the absence of interference between internal neural states and attention control.
- J. L. Amengual
- , F. Di Bello
- & Suliann Ben Hamed
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Article
| Open AccessControl of non-REM sleep by ventrolateral medulla glutamatergic neurons projecting to the preoptic area
In this study, Teng et al. identify a population of glutamatergic neurons in the ventrolateral medulla that control Non-Rapid Eye Movement (NREM) sleep in mice. They uncover an excitatory brainstem-hypothalamic circuit that controls wake-sleep transitions.
- Sasa Teng
- , Fenghua Zhen
- & Yueqing Peng
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Article
| Open AccessA neural circuit for wind-guided olfactory navigation
Flies navigate to food sources by combining odour and wind-direction cues. This study identifies pathways to the fan-shaped body that encode these signals, and demonstrates how local neurons integrate odour- and wind information to guide navigation.
- Andrew M. M. Matheson
- , Aaron J. Lanz
- & Katherine I. Nagel
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| Open AccessThalamo-hippocampal pathway regulates incidental memory capacity in mice
Incidental memory is affected by retention delay, and by memory load. Here the authors show that female and male mice process high memory load through different activation of thalamic-cortical pathways, that makes their incidental memory resistant to distraction and to memory decay, respectively.
- G. Torromino
- , V. Loffredo
- & E. De Leonibus
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| Open AccessOrexin neurons inhibit sleep to promote arousal
Sleep and wakefulness is stabilized by a population of orexin-expressing neurons. In this study, the authors demonstrate how these neurons drive arousal by silencing sleep-promoting neurons in the ventrolateral preoptic nucleus.
- Roberto De Luca
- , Stefano Nardone
- & Elda Arrigoni
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| Open AccessA synaptic signal for novelty processing in the hippocampus
Memory formation and recall are complementary processes within the hippocampus. Here the authors demonstrate a synaptic signal of novelty in the hippocampus and provide a computational framework for how such a novelty-driven switch may enable flexible encoding of new memories while preserving stable retrieval of familiar ones.
- Ruy Gómez-Ocádiz
- , Massimiliano Trippa
- & Christoph Schmidt-Hieber
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Article
| Open AccessSLITRK2 variants associated with neurodevelopmental disorders impair excitatory synaptic function and cognition in mice
The protein SLITRK2 plays an important role in synaptic communication. This study identifies X-linked SLITRK2 variants that underlie neurodevelopmental disorders by impairing excitatory synapses.
- Salima El Chehadeh
- , Kyung Ah Han
- & Ji Won Um
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| Open AccessRhythmic interactions between the mediodorsal thalamus and prefrontal cortex precede human visual perception
How the thalamus and the cortex interact in the context of perception remains largely unclear. Here, the authors show that rhythmic activity in the human mediodorsal thalamus and prefrontal cortex interact to predict whether a near-threshold visual stimulus will be seen, contradicting the traditional view that the thalamus is a simple relay.
- Benjamin J. Griffiths
- , Tino Zaehle
- & Tobias Staudigl
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| Open AccessEcholocation-related reversal of information flow in a cortical vocalization network
How cortical areas interact during vocalization is not fully understood. Here the authors show that when bats vocalize, the behavioral function of emitted sounds determines the direction of information flow between frontal and auditory cortices.
- Francisco García-Rosales
- , Luciana López-Jury
- & Julio C. Hechavarría
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Article
| Open AccessExisting function in primary visual cortex is not perturbed by new skill acquisition of a non-matched sensory task
Using an optical brain computer interface in mice, here the authors demonstrate that new skill acquisition is not inherently disruptive to existing function. These findings suggest neural networks are robust to perturbations associated with integrating new information.
- Brian B. Jeon
- , Thomas Fuchs
- & Sandra J. Kuhlman
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Article
| Open AccessA structural and functional subdivision in central orbitofrontal cortex
A portion of the orbitofrontal cortex can be subdivided by its connectivity with the posterior cingulate cortex. This connectivity-based parcellation shows differences in functional connectivity and economic choice signals.
- Maya Zhe Wang
- , Benjamin Y. Hayden
- & Sarah R. Heilbronner
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Article
| Open AccessAn intein-split transactivator for intersectional neural imaging and optogenetic manipulation
Cell-type-specific recording and manipulation is important for understanding neural circuits. Here the authors describe molecular tools to access cell types based on genetics and connectivity in the brain, and demonstrated the utility of these tools in neural recording and manipulations.
- Hao-Shan Chen
- , Xiao-Long Zhang
- & Chun Xu
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Article
| Open AccessBrain-wide reconstruction of inhibitory circuits after traumatic brain injury
Traumatic brain injury is often followed by changes in neural connectivity. This study describes how inputs to a population of inhibitory neurons change to favor local over long-range connectivity in a mouse model of traumatic brain injury.
- Jan C. Frankowski
- , Alexa Tierno
- & Robert F. Hunt
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Article
| Open AccessParallel ventral hippocampus-lateral septum pathways differentially regulate approach-avoidance conflict
The ventral hippocampal CA3 and CA1 subfields play a critical role in the resolution of approach-avoidance conflict. Here the authors show that the subfields contribute to the regulation of this behavior through topographically distinct projections to the lateral septum.
- Dylan C. M. Yeates
- , Dallas Leavitt
- & Rutsuko Ito
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Article
| Open AccessAn in vitro model of neuronal ensembles
Advances in 3D neuronal cultures have allowed unprecedented access to the mechanisms underlying brain diseases. This work describes the novel Modular Neuronal Network (MoNNet) system, which enables more complex studies of cortical neuronal ensemble dynamics.
- M. Angeles Rabadan
- , Estanislao Daniel De La Cruz
- & Raju Tomer
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| Open AccessCerebellar stimulation prevents Levodopa-induced dyskinesia in mice and normalizes activity in a motor network
Here, the authors studied how cerebellar stimulation alleviates levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID). They demonstrated that Purkinje cell opto-stimulation is sufficient to prevent LID development and can normalize brain activity in a wide motor network in mice.
- Bérénice Coutant
- , Jimena Laura Frontera
- & Daniela Popa
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Article
| Open AccessSerotonin and dopamine modulate aging in response to food odor and availability
This report finds that dietary restriction, the most extensively studied anti-aging intervention, can be mimicked by blocking food odour signaling and identifies a neural network of food perception that functions through serotonin and dopamine.
- Hillary A. Miller
- , Shijiao Huang
- & Scott F. Leiser
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Article
| Open AccessElectro-optical mechanically flexible coaxial microprobes for minimally invasive interfacing with intrinsic neural circuits
The authors demonstrate a compact multi-modal electro-optical coaxial microprobe design that offers small cross-sectional dimensions and tunable lengths for minimally invasive interfacing with intrinsic neural circuits.
- Spencer Ward
- , Conor Riley
- & Donald J. Sirbuly
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Article
| Open AccessFunctional and multiscale 3D structural investigation of brain tissue through correlative in vivo physiology, synchrotron microtomography and volume electron microscopy
The function of biological tissues is encoded in their physiology and structure. Here, Bosch et al. have integrated both insights to study specific neuronal circuits by combining in vivo light, synchrotron X-ray and volume electron microscopy.
- Carles Bosch
- , Tobias Ackels
- & Andreas T. Schaefer