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| Open AccessParallel ventral hippocampus-lateral septum pathways differentially regulate approach-avoidance conflict
The ventral hippocampal CA3 and CA1 subfields play a critical role in the resolution of approach-avoidance conflict. Here the authors show that the subfields contribute to the regulation of this behavior through topographically distinct projections to the lateral septum.
- Dylan C. M. Yeates
- , Dallas Leavitt
- & Rutsuko Ito
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Article
| Open AccessAn in vitro model of neuronal ensembles
Advances in 3D neuronal cultures have allowed unprecedented access to the mechanisms underlying brain diseases. This work describes the novel Modular Neuronal Network (MoNNet) system, which enables more complex studies of cortical neuronal ensemble dynamics.
- M. Angeles Rabadan
- , Estanislao Daniel De La Cruz
- & Raju Tomer
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| Open AccessCerebellar stimulation prevents Levodopa-induced dyskinesia in mice and normalizes activity in a motor network
Here, the authors studied how cerebellar stimulation alleviates levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID). They demonstrated that Purkinje cell opto-stimulation is sufficient to prevent LID development and can normalize brain activity in a wide motor network in mice.
- Bérénice Coutant
- , Jimena Laura Frontera
- & Daniela Popa
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Article
| Open AccessSerotonin and dopamine modulate aging in response to food odor and availability
This report finds that dietary restriction, the most extensively studied anti-aging intervention, can be mimicked by blocking food odour signaling and identifies a neural network of food perception that functions through serotonin and dopamine.
- Hillary A. Miller
- , Shijiao Huang
- & Scott F. Leiser
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Article
| Open AccessElectro-optical mechanically flexible coaxial microprobes for minimally invasive interfacing with intrinsic neural circuits
The authors demonstrate a compact multi-modal electro-optical coaxial microprobe design that offers small cross-sectional dimensions and tunable lengths for minimally invasive interfacing with intrinsic neural circuits.
- Spencer Ward
- , Conor Riley
- & Donald J. Sirbuly
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Article
| Open AccessFunctional and multiscale 3D structural investigation of brain tissue through correlative in vivo physiology, synchrotron microtomography and volume electron microscopy
The function of biological tissues is encoded in their physiology and structure. Here, Bosch et al. have integrated both insights to study specific neuronal circuits by combining in vivo light, synchrotron X-ray and volume electron microscopy.
- Carles Bosch
- , Tobias Ackels
- & Andreas T. Schaefer
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Article
| Open AccessC. elegans enteric motor neurons fire synchronized action potentials underlying the defecation motor program
Most neurons in the nematode C. elegans communicate in an analog manner. Here, the authors demonstrate that enteric motor neurons can fire all-or-none action potentials, and that this digital communication is important for defecation.
- Jingyuan Jiang
- , Yifan Su
- & Qiang Liu
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Article
| Open AccessSensory adaptation mediates efficient and unambiguous encoding of natural stimuli by vestibular thalamocortical pathways
Sensory adaptation is widely considered to involve a trade-off between optimality and ambiguity. Here, the authors explored sensory adaptation to both naturalistic and artificial stimuli and found that, owing to contrast gain control, there is unambiguous optimized encoding of naturalistic stimuli.
- Jerome Carriot
- , Graham McAllister
- & Maurice J. Chacron
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Article
| Open AccessSocial isolation modulates appetite and avoidance behavior via a common oxytocinergic circuit in larval zebrafish
Social interactions are known to guide behaviour, but how different species represent social stimuli is poorly understood. In this study, the authors demonstrate how social cues in the larval zebrafish suppress an oxytocinergic circuit, which regulates avoidance and feeding behaviour.
- Caroline L. Wee
- , Erin Song
- & Samuel Kunes
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Article
| Open AccessTeneurins assemble into presynaptic nanoclusters that promote synapse formation via postsynaptic non-teneurin ligands
Teneurins are cell-adhesion molecules that help form synaptic connections between neurons. Here the authors demonstrate that teneurins on the presynaptic side are essential to form connections.
- Xuchen Zhang
- , Pei-Yi Lin
- & Thomas C. Südhof
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Article
| Open AccessElectrocorticographic evidence of a common neurocognitive sequence for mentalizing about the self and others
The individual roles of default network regions in social thinking remain unclear. Using electrocorticography, the authors show a spatiotemporal hierarchy of neurocognitive specialization across temporoparietal and prefrontal default network regions.
- Kevin M. Tan
- , Amy L. Daitch
- & Matthew D. Lieberman
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Article
| Open AccessNeural structure of a sensory decoder for motor control
Behavioral variation is thought to result from noise in sensory representations or final motor commands. In this study, the authors investigate variability in eye movements and model that variability as resulting from noisy sensorimotor transformations occurring in the middle temporal visual area.
- Seth W. Egger
- & Stephen G. Lisberger
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Article
| Open AccessBrain-wide mapping reveals that engrams for a single memory are distributed across multiple brain regions
Where memories are located in our brains is not well understood. In this paper, the authors demonstrate that memories are spread out throughout multiple brain regions.
- Dheeraj S. Roy
- , Young-Gyun Park
- & Susumu Tonegawa
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Article
| Open AccessFixational drift is driven by diffusive dynamics in central neural circuitry
Between saccades, our eyes undergo random movements called fixational drift, but what drives this motion has remained elusive. In this paper, the authors demonstrate that a central neural circuit within the oculomotor system drives fixational drift.
- Nadav Ben-Shushan
- , Nimrod Shaham
- & Yoram Burak
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Article
| Open AccessDonut-like organization of inhibition underlies categorical neural responses in the midbrain
Decision making is facilitated by categorical neuronal responses, which robustly signal a winner despite input noise. In this study, the authors demonstrate that a donut-like inhibition motif effectively generates such categorical responses.
- Nagaraj R. Mahajan
- & Shreesh P. Mysore
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Article
| Open AccessAcquiring new memories in neocortex of hippocampal-lesioned mice
Hippocampal lesioned mice form new memories. Here, the authors show the lateral entorhinal cortex modulates learning-induced cortical long-range gamma synchrony in a hippocampal-dependent manner and artificially induced cortical gamma synchrony across cortical areas improved memory encoding in hippocampal lesioned mice.
- Wenhan Luo
- , Di Yun
- & Ji-Song Guan
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Article
| Open AccessMidbrain projection to the basolateral amygdala encodes anxiety-like but not depression-like behaviors
Anxiety and depression are highly comorbid, yet the distinct or shared neurobiological correlates of anxiety remain elusive. Here, Morel et al. define that the midbrain projection to the basolateral amygdala control anxiety but not depression.
- Carole Morel
- , Sarah E. Montgomery
- & Ming-Hu Han
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Article
| Open AccessA bottom-up reward pathway mediated by somatostatin neurons in the medial septum complex underlying appetitive learning
Reward behaviour such as food seeking is essential for survival. Shen et al. describe an ascending neural pathway mediating transformation of rewarding taste signals and reward-cue associative learning via somatostatin neurons in the medial septum.
- Li Shen
- , Guang-Wei Zhang
- & Huizhong W. Tao
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Article
| Open AccessIncreased fMRI connectivity upon chemogenetic inhibition of the mouse prefrontal cortex
Pathological perturbation affects whole brain network activity. Here the authors show in mice that cortical inactivation unexpectedly results in increased fMRI connectivity between the manipulated regions and its direct axonal targets.
- Federico Rocchi
- , Carola Canella
- & Alessandro Gozzi
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Article
| Open AccessAcetylcholine deficiency disrupts extratelencephalic projection neurons in the prefrontal cortex in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease
Short-term memory deficits are associated with prefrontal cortex dysfunction in Alzheimer’s disease. Here, the authors assessed extratelencephalic projection (ET) neurons and found reduced ET neural activity in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and showed ET neurons received fewer cholinergic inputs from the basal forebrain in 5×FAD mice which led to object recognition memory deficits.
- Qingtao Sun
- , Jianping Zhang
- & Qingming Luo
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| Open AccessMultichannel optogenetics combined with laminar recordings for ultra-controlled neuronal interrogation
Researchers from Freiburg University developed an ultraflexible fiber-based 3D light delivery system for electrophysiology and optogenetic manipulation in freely moving animals. The system allows multiside modulation of neuronal activity combined with neuronal measurements.
- David Eriksson
- , Artur Schneider
- & Ilka Diester
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| Open AccessBrain-wide visual habituation networks in wild type and fmr1 zebrafish
Habituation is a process in which animals stop responding to repetitive stimuli, and habituation is altered in autism and other conditions. Here, the authors describe visual habituation networks across the zebrafish brain, and find that fmr1 mutants show slower brain-wide and behavioural habituation.
- Emmanuel Marquez-Legorreta
- , Lena Constantin
- & Ethan K. Scott
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| Open AccessDisruption of the grid cell network in a mouse model of early Alzheimer’s disease
It remains poorly understood how the onset of Alzheimer’s disease affects spatial cognition. Here, the authors report that spatial coding in grid cells deteriorates over time in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease during the early stages of pathology while place cell and head direction coding remain intact.
- Johnson Ying
- , Alexandra T. Keinath
- & Mark P. Brandon
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Article
| Open AccessA diencephalic circuit in rats for opioid analgesia but not positive reinforcement
Opioids are potent analgesics but also have addiction risk. Here a lateral preoptic area to lateral habenula connection is identified by which opioids relieve ongoing pain but do not produce reward in animals that do not have ongoing pain.
- Maggie W. Waung
- , Kayla A. Maanum
- & Elyssa B. Margolis
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Article
| Open AccessSonogenetic control of mammalian cells using exogenous Transient Receptor Potential A1 channels
Ultrasound can be used to non-invasively control neuronal functions. Here the authors report the use of human Transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (hsTRPA1) to achieve ultrasound sensitivity in mammalian cells, and show that it can be used to manipulate neurons in the mammalian brain.
- Marc Duque
- , Corinne A. Lee-Kubli
- & Sreekanth H. Chalasani
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Article
| Open AccessA neural circuit linking learning and sleep in Drosophila long-term memory
Learning enhances sleep across species. The authors identify a neural circuit in Drosophila that mediates the learning-induced sleep and ensures that only long or more intense learning experiences are consolidated to long-term memory.
- Zhengchang Lei
- , Kristin Henderson
- & Krystyna Keleman
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Article
| Open AccessNAc-VTA circuit underlies emotional stress-induced anxiety-like behavior in the three-chamber vicarious social defeat stress mouse model
Using a three-chamber vicarious social defeat stress model in mice, Qi et al. show that chronic emotional stress (CES) induced anxiety-like behavior and transient social interaction changes. Bidirectional modulation of NAc-VTA circuit mimics or reverses the CES-induced anxiety-like behavior.
- Guangjian Qi
- , Pei Zhang
- & Bo Tian
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Article
| Open AccessDivalent metal cations stimulate skeleton interoception for new bone formation in mouse injury models
Mechanisms underlying bone formation induced by divalent metal cations remain largely unknown. Here the authors show that these cations can activate the skeleton interoceptive circuit through the immune-neural axis to initiate new bone formation.
- Wei Qiao
- , Dayu Pan
- & Xu Cao
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Article
| Open AccessNon-telecentric two-photon microscopy for 3D random access mesoscale imaging
Many conventional two-photon microscopes restrict the size of the imaging field-of-view and the specific shape of the effective excitation volume. The authors present a low-cost non-telecentric optical design that expands the 3D field of view and permits the bending of imaging planes to follow natural curvatures in biological structures.
- F. K. Janiak
- , P. Bartel
- & T. Baden
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Article
| Open AccessHierarchical and nonhierarchical features of the mouse visual cortical network
Mouse visual cortex is a dense, interconnected network of distinct areas. D’Souza et al. identify an anatomical index to quantify the hierarchical nature of pathways, and highlight the hierarchical and nonhierarchical features of the network.
- Rinaldo D. D’Souza
- , Quanxin Wang
- & Andreas Burkhalter
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| Open AccessBreathing coordinates cortico-hippocampal dynamics in mice during offline states
Using large-scale recordings from cortical and subcortical brain regions in behaving mice, the authors reveal the presence of a respiratory corollary discharge in mice, that modulates neural activity across these circuits and couples hippocampal sharp-wave ripples and cortical DOWN/UP state transitions.
- Nikolaos Karalis
- & Anton Sirota
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| Open AccessTwo opposing hippocampus to prefrontal cortex pathways for the control of approach and avoidance behaviour
The authors reveal a mechanism for regulation of behaviour during approach avoidance conflicts that relies on two specialized, parallel circuits that allow bidirectional hippocampal control of the prefrontal cortex.
- Candela Sánchez-Bellot
- , Rawan AlSubaie
- & Andrew F. MacAskill
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Article
| Open AccessContribution of the medial eye field network to the voluntary deployment of visuospatial attention
The authors show that damage to both the supplementary and the cingulate eye fields specifically causes visuo-motor exploratory neglect. This suggests that the medial eye field network contributes to the voluntary control of spatial attention
- Guillaume Herbet
- & Hugues Duffau
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| Open AccessA cortical cell ensemble in the posterior parietal cortex controls past experience-dependent memory updating
Animals refer to related past experiences when processing sensory inputs. The authors show that a cellular ensemble in the posterior parietal cortex that is activated during past experience mediates an interaction between past and current information to update memory through a circuit including the anterior cingulate cortex.
- Akinobu Suzuki
- , Sakurako Kosugi
- & Kaoru Inokuchi
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Article
| Open AccessCortical state dynamics and selective attention define the spatial pattern of correlated variability in neocortex
Noise correlations in the neocortex change dynamically with cognitive states. Here the authors show how heterogeneous spatial patterns of noise correlations emerge through interactions of cortical On-Off dynamics, connectivity, and attention.
- Yan-Liang Shi
- , Nicholas A. Steinmetz
- & Tatiana A. Engel
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Article
| Open AccessGPCR voltage dependence controls neuronal plasticity and behavior
G-protein coupled receptors are regulated by the membrane potential in vitro. Here, the authors show that muscarinic receptor voltage independence causes a strong behavioural effect of increased odour habituation, showing that these receptors are also in vivo modulated by the membrane potential.
- Eyal Rozenfeld
- , Merav Tauber
- & Moshe Parnas
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| Open AccessSimultaneous two-photon imaging of action potentials and subthreshold inputs in vivo
The authors present a geneticallyencoded voltage indicator to specifically measure subthreshold membrane potentials. They combine two-photon imaging of voltage and calcium to map epileptic seizures progression through cortical circuits.
- Yuki Bando
- , Michael Wenzel
- & Rafael Yuste
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Article
| Open AccessChronic nicotine increases midbrain dopamine neuron activity and biases individual strategies towards reduced exploration in mice
Chronic nicotine exposure impacts various components of decision-making processes, such as exploratory behaviors. Here, the authors identify the cellular mechanism and show that chronic nicotine exposure increases the tonic activity of VTA dopaminergic neurons and reduces exploration in mice.
- Malou Dongelmans
- , Romain Durand-de Cuttoli
- & Philippe Faure
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| Open AccessDopamine promotes aggression in mice via ventral tegmental area to lateral septum projections
The authors show that terminal activity of dopaminergic neurons selectively projecting from the ventral tegmental area to the lateral septum is sufficient for promoting aggression and necessary for establishing baseline aggression in mice.
- Darshini Mahadevia
- , Rinki Saha
- & Mark S. Ansorge
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Article
| Open AccessRepeated exposure with short-term behavioral stress resolves pre-existing stress-induced depressive-like behavior in mice
Chronic stress induces maladaptive changes in the neural networks and it’s associated with mood disorders. Here, the authors show that repeated exposure to short-term stress can resolve pre-existing chronic stress induced depressive-like behaviour in mice.
- Eun-Hwa Lee
- , Jin-Young Park
- & Pyung-Lim Han
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Article
| Open AccessDiesel2p mesoscope with dual independent scan engines for flexible capture of dynamics in distributed neural circuitry
Imaging of neuronal activity across distant brain regions is challenging. Here, the authors introduce a two-photon microscope with two independently controlled scan engines, and demonstrate calcium imaging with subcellular resolution in brain regions up to 7 mm apart simultaneously.
- Che-Hang Yu
- , Jeffrey N. Stirman
- & Spencer L. Smith
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Article
| Open AccessA distributed fMRI-based signature for the subjective experience of fear
The brain systems underlying fear experience are debated. Here the authors develop an fMRI-based neural signature for fear and show that fear is represented in distributed brain systems rather than isolated ‘fear centers’.
- Feng Zhou
- , Weihua Zhao
- & Benjamin Becker
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Article
| Open AccessPeriaqueductal gray neurons encode the sequential motor program in hunting behavior of mice
Hunting behavior typically contains a sequential motor program, including search, chase, attack, and consumption. Here, the authors show that periaqueductal gray neuronal ensembles encode the sequential hunting motor program, which might provide a framework for decoding complex instinctive behaviors.
- Hong Yu
- , Xinkuan Xiang
- & Haohong Li
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Article
| Open AccessA Brainstem reticulotegmental neural ensemble drives acoustic startle reflexes
The function of brainstem reticulotegmental nucleus (RtTg) and its related circuits are not fully understood. Here, the authors report a cochlear nucleus-RtTg-spinal motor neuron circuit that specifically mediates acoustic startle reflexes.
- Weiwei Guo
- , Sijia Fan
- & Wei Xiong
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Article
| Open AccessA medullary centre for lapping in mice
Orofacial movements for feeding can be triggered, coordinated and rhythmically organised at the level of the brainstem. Here, the authors show two nuclei can organise the stereotyped movements for ingesting fluids in mammals, these neuronal groups are marked by expression of Phox2b and are located in the intermediate reticular formation of the medulla and around the motor nucleus of the trigeminal nerve.
- Bowen Dempsey
- , Selvee Sungeelee
- & Jean-François Brunet
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Article
| Open AccessLateralization of CA1 assemblies in the absence of CA3 input
Bilaterally projecting CA3 inputs may be crucial for integrating the left and right CA1 during memory but this has not been directly examined. Here, the authors show that projections from bilateral CA3 play a key role in the cross-hemispheric coordination of CA1 spatial coding.
- Hefei Guan
- , Steven J. Middleton
- & Thomas J. McHugh
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Article
| Open AccessmTOR-related synaptic pathology causes autism spectrum disorder-associated functional hyperconnectivity
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterised by synaptic surplus and atypical functional connectivity. Here, the authors show that synaptic pathology in Tsc2 haploinsufficient mice is associated with autism-like behavior and cortico-striatal hyperconnectivity, and that analogous functional hyperconnectivity signatures can be linked to mTOR-pathway dysfunction in subgroups of children with idiopathic ASD.
- Marco Pagani
- , Noemi Barsotti
- & Alessandro Gozzi
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Article
| Open AccessMesoNet allows automated scaling and segmentation of mouse mesoscale cortical maps using machine learning
High content imaging of the brain holds the promise of improving our understanding of the brain’s circuitry. Here, the authors present a tool that automates the scaling and segmentation of cortical maps to accelerate neurobiological discovery using mesoscale images.
- Dongsheng Xiao
- , Brandon J. Forys
- & Timothy H. Murphy
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Article
| Open AccessCircadian neurons in the paraventricular nucleus entrain and sustain daily rhythms in glucocorticoids
It is unclear how circadian signals from the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) are decoded to generate daily rhythms in hormone release. Here, the authors show that daily corticosterone release depends on coordinated clock gene and neuronal activity rhythms in both SCN and paraventricular nucleus neurons.
- Jeff R. Jones
- , Sneha Chaturvedi
- & Erik D. Herzog