Immunology articles within Nature Reviews Cardiology

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  • Review Article |

    Atherosclerosis is characterized by low-grade, chronic inflammation, and the balance between pro-inflammatory and inflammation-resolving mechanisms dictates the clinical outcomes. This Review discusses the specific causes of inflammation and the mechanisms underlying the impaired resolution of inflammation that characterize clinically dangerous atherosclerotic lesions and highlights the potential of pro-resolving mediator therapy for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.

    • Magnus Bäck
    • , Arif Yurdagul Jr
    •  & Petri T. Kovanen

  • Research Highlight |

    Mobilization of regulatory T cells to the site of myocardial infarction can be promoted with the use of a CXCR4 blocker, and the regulatory T cells attenuate inflammatory gene expression in monocytes and macrophages and augment infarct repair.

    • Gregory B. Lim

  • Review Article |

    Antibody-producing B cells perform a unique role in responses to stress, injury, and infection. In this Review, Sage and colleagues discuss the spectrum of B cell involvement in dyslipidaemia and atherosclerotic plaque development.

    • Andrew P. Sage
    • , Dimitrios Tsiantoulas
    •  & Ziad Mallat

  • Review Article |

    The cardiac lymphatic system has a physiological role in the maintenance of cardiac health, and its structure and function are altered in cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction. Cardiac lymphatics might be a therapeutic target to reduce myocardial oedema and chronic inflammation.

    • Ebba Brakenhielm
    •  & Kari Alitalo

  • Review Article |

    Research on cardiac repair and regeneration is shifting from a stem cell focus towards the dynamic interplay of stromal and immune cells of the cardiac interstitium. This Review provides new insights into the immunoregulatory functions of cardiac interstitial cells and their complex network of interactions, highlighting the therapeutic potential for cardiac disease.

    • Elvira Forte
    • , Milena Bastos Furtado
    •  & Nadia Rosenthal

  • News & Views |

    Accumulation of foam cells — macrophages with intracellular lipid droplets — in arterial walls is a hallmark of atherosclerosis. Bernelot Moens and colleagues report increases in circulating monocytes with intracellular lipid accumulation, associated CCR2 expression, and enhanced monocyte migration in patients with familial hypercholesterolaemia. These changes could be reversed by PCSK9-inhibitor treatment.

    • Huaizhu Wu
    •  & Christie M. Ballantyne

  • Review Article |

    Cardiac ischemia causes release of a diverse range of immune-modulating molecules known as 'danger-associated molecular patterns' (DAMPs). Acting through Toll-like receptors on cardiomyocytes and circulating cells, DAMPs mediate ischemia–reperfusion injury, but can also contribute to the cardiac repair response. In this Review, Arslan and colleagues explain how the innate immune system responds to cardiac ischemia, and discuss whether DAMPs can be exploited therapeutically.

    • Fatih Arslan
    • , Dominique P. de Kleijn
    •  & Gerard Pasterkamp

  • Review Article |

    Plaque macrophages account for the majority of leukocytes in atherosclerotic plaques, and are believed to differentiate from monocytes recruited from circulating blood. In this Review, Dr Woollard and Dr Geissmann discuss the heterogenous population of monocytes involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.

    • Kevin J. Woollard
    •  & Frederic Geissmann

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