Electrical and electronic engineering articles within Nature Communications

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  • Article
    | Open Access

    Bellec et al. present a mathematically founded approximation for gradient descent training of recurrent neural networks without backwards propagation in time. This enables biologically plausible training of spike-based neural network models with working memory and supports on-chip training of neuromorphic hardware.

    • Guillaume Bellec
    • , Franz Scherr
    •  & Wolfgang Maass

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Paper is a promising substrate for flexible and environmentally sustainable electronic devices. Here, the authors combine chemical vapor deposition of MoS2 with inkjet printing of a hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) dielectric and silver electrodes, to fabricate flexible MoS2 field-effect transistors on paper, and then combine the latter with printed graphene resistors and silver interconnects to create inverters, logic gates and current mirrors.

    • Silvia Conti
    • , Lorenzo Pimpolari
    •  & Gianluca Fiori

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Though wearable electronics remain an attractive technology for bioelectronics, fabrication methods that precisely print biocompatible materials for electronics are needed. Here, the authors report an additive manufacturing process that yields all-printed nanomaterial-based wireless electronics.

    • Young-Tae Kwon
    • , Yun-Soung Kim
    •  & Woon-Hong Yeo

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Designing energy efficient and scalable artificial networks for neuromorphic computing remains a challenge. Here, the authors demonstrate online learning in a monolithically integrated 4 × 4 fully memristive neural network consisting of volatile NbOx memristor neurons and nonvolatile TaOx memristor synapses.

    • Qingxi Duan
    • , Zhaokun Jing
    •  & Yuchao Yang

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Real-time dynamic Fourier analysis of high-speed signals is difficult using either digital or analog schemes. Here, the authors present a universal analog approach that can track the changing frequency spectrum of waveforms in a real-time fashion at the nanosecond level, continuously and with no gaps.

    • Saikrishna Reddy Konatham
    • , Reza Maram
    •  & José Azaña

  • Article
    | Open Access

    The authors demonstrate wafer-scale, graphene-based ion sensitive field effect transistors arrays for simultaneous concentration measurement of K+, Na+, NH4+, NO3−, SO42−, HPO42− and Cl−, and use their technology for real-time ion concentration measurements in an aquarium with lemnoideae lemna over a period of three weeks.

    • Ibrahim Fakih
    • , Oliver Durnan
    •  & Thomas Szkopek

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Conditioning efficiently high-voltage triboelectric nanogenerators for low-voltage applications remains a challenge. Here, the authors demonstrate two orders of magnitude improvement of the energy harvesting efficiency by applying a conditioning circuit with self-sustained and automatic hysteresis MEMS micro-plasma switches.

    • Hemin Zhang
    • , Frédéric Marty
    •  & Philippe Basset

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Most conventional PT-symmetric systems contain two physically separated modes. Here the authors proposed a PT-symmetric microwave optoelectronic oscillator, where the gain and loss modes are confined in a single spatial resonator, resulting in an increased structural simplicity, and long-term stability.

    • Jiejun Zhang
    • , Lingzhi Li
    •  & Jianping Yao

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Accomplishing complex cognitive tasks such as speech recognition calls for artificial intelligence hardware with high computing precision. John et al. propose deep recurrent neural networks based on optoelectronic transition metal dichalcogenide memristors with high weight precision for in-memory computing.

    • Rohit Abraham John
    • , Jyotibdha Acharya
    •  & Nripan Mathews

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Though flexible microwave integrated circuits (MICs) are desirable for the construction of functional microwave amplifier circuits, realizing low cost III-V-based MMICs remains a challenge. Here, the authors report a heterogeneous integration strategy for the fabrication of flexible low-cost MICs.

    • Huilong Zhang
    • , Jinghao Li
    •  & Zhenqiang Ma

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Despite intensive research on the electrically driven insulator-to-metal transition, this phenomenon is not well understood. Using quasi 1D nanowires of two Mott insulators, the authors reveal the central role of defects in enabling a non-thermal doping driven insulator-to metal transition.

    • Yoav Kalcheim
    • , Alberto Camjayi
    •  & Ivan K. Schuller

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Designing efficient artificial networks able to quickly converge to optimal performance for a given task remains a challenge. Here, the authors demonstrate a relation between criticality, task-performance and information theoretic fingerprint in a spiking neuromorphic network with synaptic plasticity.

    • Benjamin Cramer
    • , David Stöckel
    •  & Viola Priesemann

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Though existing capacitive models describe the electronic transport in organic electrochemical transistors, these models do not provide an accurate steady-state solution. Here, the authors report a numerical model that describes the distribution and accumulation of ions in the transistor channel.

    • Vikash Kaphle
    • , Pushpa Raj Paudel
    •  & Björn Lüssem

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Out-of-plane ferroelectricity is usually unstable in the two dimensional limit due to the presence of the depolarization field. Here, the authors successfully circumvent this issue by growing µm-sized SnS monolayers that exhibit in-plane ferroelectricity that is stable at room temperature.

    • Naoki Higashitarumizu
    • , Hayami Kawamoto
    •  & Kosuke Nagashio

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Designing energy efficient artificial neural networks for real-time analysis remains a challenge. Here, the authors report the development of a perovskite halide (CsPbI3) memristor-based Reservoir Computing system for real-time recognition of neural firing patterns and neural synchronization states.

    • Xiaojian Zhu
    • , Qiwen Wang
    •  & Wei D. Lu

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Designing efficient and flexible metamaterial with uncorrelated transmissions for spatial vibration encoding and identification remains a challenge. Here, the authors propose a randomized resonant metamaterial with randomly coupled local resonators for single-sensor identification of elastic vibrations.

    • Tianxi Jiang
    • , Chong Li
    •  & Zhi-Ke Peng

  • Article
    | Open Access

    At terahertz frequencies, link discovery by scanning is impractically slow. Here, the authors propose an alternative, single-shot link-finding method based on a leaky-wave device.

    • Yasaman Ghasempour
    • , Rabi Shrestha
    •  & Daniel M. Mittleman

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Negative capacitance (NC) effects that could allow steep subthreshold swing (SS) in field-effect transistors (FETs) are still controversially discussed. Here the authors propose a model distinct from the NC concept, taking into account domain flips in multiple-domain ferroelectric/paraelectric gate stack FETs.

    • Xiuyan Li
    •  & Akira Toriumi

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Designing energy efficient systems capable to directly process signals at biological voltages remains a challenge. Here, the authors propose a bio-compatible memristor device based on protein-nanowire dielectric, harvested from the bacterium Geobactor sulfurreducens, working at biological voltages.

    • Tianda Fu
    • , Xiaomeng Liu
    •  & Jun Yao

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Designing low power and high performance content-addressable memory remains a challenge. Here, the authors demonstrate a content-addressable memory concept and circuit which leverages the analog conductance tunability of memristors, reduces power consumption, and enables new functionalities and applications.

    • Can Li
    • , Catherine E. Graves
    •  & John Paul Strachan

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Designing high performance, scalable, and energy efficient spiking neural networks remains a challenge. Here, the authors utilize mixed-dimensional dual-gated Gaussian heterojunction transistors from single-walled carbon nanotubes and monolayer MoS2 to realize simplified spiking neuron circuits.

    • Megan E. Beck
    • , Ahish Shylendra
    •  & Mark C. Hersam

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Designing reliable and energy efficient neuromorphic computing systems for spatiotemporal coding remains a challenge. Here, the authors demonstrate a type of spike-rate-dependent plasticity based on a triplet learning scheme in a WO3−x-based second-order memristor network for spatiotemporal patterns.

    • Zhongqiang Wang
    • , Tao Zeng
    •  & Daniele Ielmini

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Experimental studies of topological phenomena for interacting quantum systems are challenging. Here, the authors exploit the analogy between a quantum two-body problem in one dimension and a classical two-dimensional problem, emulating two-photon topological bound states in 1D using a 2D electrical circuit.

    • Nikita A. Olekhno
    • , Egor I. Kretov
    •  & Maxim A. Gorlach

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Molecular electronics holds promise for device miniaturization yet can only be realized by choosing specially designed molecular species to date. Here, Shin et al. show tunable rectifying characteristics in a molecular heterojunction with non-functionalized molecules and two-dimensional semiconductors.

    • Jaeho Shin
    • , Seunghoon Yang
    •  & Gunuk Wang

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Designing artificial somatosensory systems to efficiently emulate biological tactile information sensing, coding, and processing remains a challenge. Here, the authors demonstrate a tactile sensory system based on optoelectronic spiking afferent nerves with both coding and learning capabilities.

    • Hongwei Tan
    • , Quanzheng Tao
    •  & Sebastiaan van Dijken

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Designing reliable, scalable and high speed computing systems remains a challenge. Here, the authors identify noncentrosymmetric orthorhombic phase in HZO film and demonstrate a CMOS compatible 3D Vertical HZO-based ferroelectric diode array with self-selective property and 20 ns of speed operation.

    • Qing Luo
    • , Yan Cheng
    •  & Ming Liu

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Designing biodegradable and biocompatible polymers to mimic both mechanical and biological properties of skins for emerging electronic devices remains a challenge. Here, the authors propose PSeD-U skin-like elastomers with both mechanical and biological properties for bio-integrated electronics.

    • Shuo Chen
    • , Lijie Sun
    •  & Zhengwei You

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Though tribotronics, e.g., semiconductor electronics that utilize triboelectricity, is a promising technology, current devices have limited application in micro/nano electronics. Here, the authors report a triboelectrification-gated transistor with triboelectric modulation at the nanoscale.

    • Tianzhao Bu
    • , Liang Xu
    •  & Zhong Lin Wang

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Though all-soft electronic devices with liquid metals are attractive due to the material’s compatibility with patterning methods, obtaining sub-micron patterns remains a challenge. Here, the authors report a hybrid lithography process to realize all-soft submicron-scale devices based on EGaIn.

    • Min-gu Kim
    • , Devin K. Brown
    •  & Oliver Brand

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Electronic skin that spatially maps pressure distribution through imaging shows limited performance despite improvements to data acquisition. Here, the authors report ultraflexible, transparent electroluminescent skin capable of high-resolution imaging of pressure distribution over 3D surfaces.

    • Byeongmoon Lee
    • , Ji-Young Oh
    •  & Yongtaek Hong

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Despite recent advances in flexible thermoelectric generators for wearable devices, current designs are unable to efficiently harvest heat flowing from human body. Here, the authors report high thermoelectric performance and stretchability in interlocked fiber-based modules for wearable devices.

    • Tingting Sun
    • , Beiying Zhou
    •  & Gerald Jeffrey Snyder

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Though wireless near-field communication (NFC) technologies that connect wearable sensors for health monitoring have been reported, the short range of NFC readers limits sensor functionality. Here, the authors report a wireless and battery-free body sensor network with near-field-enabled clothing.

    • Rongzhou Lin
    • , Han-Joon Kim
    •  & John S. Ho

  • Article
    | Open Access

    FPGAs have long been of interest as reconfigurable circuits, but their electronic nature provides eventual limitations. Here the authors demonstrate a photonic digital signal processor that is field programmable using arrays of microdisk resonators.

    • Weifeng Zhang
    •  & Jianping Yao

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Designing intelligent power devices that can directly control the output power modulation responses to external stimuli at a rapid speed remains a challenge. Here, the authors report a strain-controlled power device by using the cantilever-structured AlGaN/AlN/GaN HEMT to emulate human reflex process.

    • Shuo Zhang
    • , Bei Ma
    •  & Zhong Lin Wang

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Tuning the constitutive parameters of metamaterials in real time depends on the ability to modify the structure or external circuits attached to the metamaterials. Here, the authors propose virtualized metamaterials, allowing the tuning of acoustic parameters on-demand through software-defined frequency dispersion.

    • Choonlae Cho
    • , Xinhua Wen
    •  & Jensen Li

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Designing artificial sensory neural system for neuroprosthetics and smart robotics applications remains a challenge. Here, the authors demonstrate an all-in-one bionic sensory transmission nerve capable integrating the functions of perception, recognition and transmission of mechano-sensitive signal.

    • Xinqin Liao
    • , Weitao Song
    •  & Yuanjin Zheng

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Frequency combs have the potential to be used as multi-wavelength sources in future optical communications through fiber. Here the authors demonstrate joint phase processing of multi-wavelength comb transmission, and show two schemes to improve performance and reduce complexity.

    • Lars Lundberg
    • , Mikael Mazur
    •  & Peter A. Andrekson

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Designing low power consumption and fast operation electronic phase-change devices remains a challenge. Here, the authors demonstrate the reversible displacive transformation in polycrystalline MnTe films to enable resistive switching via fast Joule heating for fast nonvolatile memory applications.

    • Shunsuke Mori
    • , Shogo Hatayama
    •  & Yuji Sutou

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