Featured
-
-
Article
| Open AccessClinically used broad-spectrum antibiotics compromise inflammatory monocyte-dependent antibacterial defense in the lung
Authors utilise a murine model of infection to provide mechanistic insight into how antimicrobial therapy may be a predisposing risk factor for hospital-acquired pneumonia. They show that antibiotic-induced microbiota perturbations compromise inflammatory monocytes and thereby impair antibacterial defence.
- Patrick J. Dörner
- , Harithaa Anandakumar
- & Bastian Opitz
-
Article
| Open AccessPhage-microbe dynamics after sterile faecal filtrate transplantation in individuals with metabolic syndrome: a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled clinical trial assessing efficacy and safety
Bacteriophages (phages) can modify the gut microbiome to benefit human health. Here, the authors report the results of a double blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial, showing that faecal filtrate transplantation (FFT), containing phages from lean healthy donors, is safe and improves glycemic variability in patients with metabolic syndrome, while shifting the gut phage composition.
- Koen Wortelboer
- , Patrick A. de Jonge
- & Hilde Herrema
-
Article
| Open AccessBacteriophage therapy against pathological Klebsiella pneumoniae ameliorates the course of primary sclerosing cholangitis
Patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) harboring Klebsiella pneumoniae (Kp) exhibit poor clinical outcomes. Here, the authors show that administration of a phage cocktail targeting PSC-derived Kp reduces bacterial burden in Kp-colonized mice and alleviates liver injury.
- Masataka Ichikawa
- , Nobuhiro Nakamoto
- & Takanori Kanai
-
Article
| Open AccessPsychological stress impairs IL22-driven protective gut mucosal immunity against colonising pathobionts
Altered gut microbiome and exacerbation of symptoms at times of psychological stress are feature characteristics of Crohn’s disease. Here authors show in a mouse model that psychological stress impairs IL-22-dependent protective immunity of the ileal mucosa, which allows invasive bacteria to colonise the gut.
- Christopher R. Shaler
- , Alexandra A. Parco
- & Brian K. Coombes
-
Article
| Open AccessFaecal microbiota transplantation for the treatment of diarrhoea induced by tyrosine-kinase inhibitors in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have improved the clinical outcomes of patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC), however TKI-related diarrhoea is a common and serious adverse effect. Here the authors show in a randomized clinical trial that faecal microbiota transplantation from healthy donors can improve TKI-induced diarrhoea in patients with mRCC.
- Gianluca Ianiro
- , Ernesto Rossi
- & Giovanni Cammarota
-
Article
| Open AccessGut fungal dysbiosis correlates with reduced efficacy of fecal microbiota transplantation in Clostridium difficile infection
Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is effective in treating recurrent Clostridium difficile infection (CDI). Here, the authors show that the composition of the gut fungal microbiota of donors and recipients, and especially the abundance of Candida, correlates with FMT outcome in CDI patients.
- Tao Zuo
- , Sunny H. Wong
- & Siew C. Ng
-
Article
| Open AccessSialic acid catabolism drives intestinal inflammation and microbial dysbiosis in mice
Intestinal inflammation is often associated with a shift in microbiota composition but the mechanisms are unclear. Here the authors show that an increase in caecal sialidase activity occurring during intestinal inflammation promotes the expansion of Enterobacteriaceae, which can lead to exacerbated inflammatory response.
- Yen-Lin Huang
- , Christophe Chassard
- & Thierry Hennet
-
Article
| Open AccessIndividual diet has sex-dependent effects on vertebrate gut microbiota
Diet variations can alter gut microbial composition, but the potential influence of host genetic factors on these effects is unclear. Here, the authors show, in humans and in natural and laboratory fish populations, that such effects are dependent on the host’s sex, a genetically determined factor.
- Daniel I. Bolnick
- , Lisa K. Snowberg
- & Richard Svanbäck
-
Article |
High-fat maternal diet during pregnancy persistently alters the offspring microbiome in a primate model
The influence of diet on the establishment of gut microbiota early in life is poorly understood. Here the authors show, in a primate model, that maternal diet during pregnancy affects the offspring’s microbiome, and that dietary intervention after weaning only partially reverses this effect.
- Jun Ma
- , Amanda L. Prince
- & Kjersti M. Aagaard