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Diverse and asymmetric patterns of single-neuron projectome in regulating interhemispheric connectivity
How interhemispheric connections are organized and how interhemispheric communication are regulated are not fully understood. Here authors delineate the diverse single-neuron projection patterns of interhemispheric connections in mice and uncover their influence on functional dynamics, highlighting the importance of heterotopic projections in interhemispheric communication.
- Yao Fei
- , Qihang Wu
- & Cirong Liu
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Article
| Open Access
Prediction error processing and sharpening of expected information across the face-processing hierarchy
Perception and neural processing of sensory information are influenced by prior expectations. Here the authors show investigate how prior expectations contribute to face processing in the brain.
- Annika Garlichs
- & Helen Blank
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| Open Access
Robust compression and detection of epileptiform patterns in ECoG using a real-time spiking neural network hardware framework
Costa et al. designed a modular spiking neural network in a neuromorphic device with heterogeneous silicon neurons that remotely detects epileptiform discharges and High Frequency Oscillations in intra-operative EEG during epilepsy surgery in real-time.
- Filippo Costa
- , Eline V. Schaft
- & Johannes Sarnthein
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| Open Access
Conjunctive encoding of exploratory intentions and spatial information in the hippocampus
The hippocampus maps space, but its role in encoding investigatory intentions is unclear. Here the authors show that certain CA1 neurons encode both spatial information and animals’ intention to explore, depending on input from lateral entorhinal cortex.
- Yi-Fan Zeng
- , Ke-Xin Yang
- & Ning Zhou
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Article
| Open Access
Neurocomputational mechanisms involved in adaptation to fluctuating intentions of others
Humans often interact without knowing the cooperative or competitive intentions of others. Here, the authors determined the neurocomputational mechanisms engaged in adapting to fluctuating intentions of others over repeated social interactions.
- Rémi Philippe
- , Rémi Janet
- & Jean-Claude Dreher
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| Open Access
Stimulus encoding by specific inactivation of cortical neurons
How neural ensembles encode information remains poorly understood. Here, the authors identify “offsembles”—neurons that are specifically inactivated by sensory stimuli—which, when combined with “onsemble” neurons that are turned on by the stimulus, provide enhanced encoding power to the cortex.
- Jesús Pérez-Ortega
- , Alejandro Akrouh
- & Rafael Yuste
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| Open Access
Multiplicative joint coding in preparatory activity for reaching sequence in macaque motor cortex
Understanding the link between multiple movement elements and sequence-related responses in the motor cortex remains elusive. This study reveals a multiplicative joint coding mechanism during motor preparation which transfers to additive during execution, potentially explaining the linear readout of elemental movements.
- Tianwei Wang
- , Yun Chen
- & He Cui
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| Open Access
Viability leads to the emergence of gait transitions in learning agile quadrupedal locomotion on challenging terrains
A bio-inspired control architecture for learning agile quadruped locomotion on challenging terrain suggests Viability (i.e., avoiding falls) as the main criterion for quadrupedal gait transitions and energy efficiency is the secondary objective.
- Milad Shafiee
- , Guillaume Bellegarda
- & Auke Ijspeert
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| Open Access
Timing along the cardiac cycle modulates neural signals of reward-based learning
Previous work has shown that natural cardiac rhythms modulate the perception and reaction to sensory cues through changes in associated neural signals. Here, the authors show that sensitivity to prediction errors during reward learning is related to the phase of the cardiac cycle.
- Elsa F. Fouragnan
- , Billy Hosking
- & Alejandra Sel
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| Open Access
Alignment of brain embeddings and artificial contextual embeddings in natural language points to common geometric patterns
Here, using neural activity patterns in the inferior frontal gyrus and large language modeling embeddings, the authors provide evidence for a common neural code for language processing.
- Ariel Goldstein
- , Avigail Grinstein-Dabush
- & Uri Hasson
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| Open Access
Local orchestration of distributed functional patterns supporting loss and restoration of consciousness in the primate brain
The brain’s role in supporting consciousness is unclear. Here, authors show that global markers of consciousness in macaque cortex are suppressed by many anaesthetics, and restored by local stimulation of a thalamic nucleus that also induces awakening.
- Andrea I. Luppi
- , Lynn Uhrig
- & Rodrigo Cofre
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Article
| Open Access
A multi-demand operating system underlying diverse cognitive tasks
A consistent set of brain areas is engaged across diverse cognitive tasks. Here, the authors reveal a unifying latent brain state that predicts performance across seven tasks, linking a core control network to cognitive flexibility and adaptive behaviors.
- Weidong Cai
- , Jalil Taghia
- & Vinod Menon
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Article
| Open Access
Temporally organized representations of reward and risk in the human brain
It is unclear how reward and risk are temporally organized in the human brain. Here, the authors demonstrate both sequential and parallel encoding of decision variables, and the role of anterior insula in reward- and risk-prediction error.
- Vincent Man
- , Jeffrey Cockburn
- & John P. O’Doherty
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Article
| Open Access
Walking modulates visual detection performance according to stride cycle phase
“Visual performance might vary during natural behaviour such as walking. Here, the authors use wireless virtual reality to show that oscillations in performance on a visual detection task were systematically linked to the phase of the stride cycle.”
- Matthew J. Davidson
- , Frans A. J. Verstraten
- & David Alais
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| Open Access
Improved modeling of human vision by incorporating robustness to blur in convolutional neural networks
The phenomenon of blurry or degraded visual input in humans has been overlooked in the training of convolutional neural networks (CNNs). Here, the authors show that blur-trained CNNs outperform standard CNNs in predicting neural responses to objects and show improved correspondence with human perception.
- Hojin Jang
- & Frank Tong
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| Open Access
Comparative connectomics of dauer reveals developmental plasticity
How the dauer, an alternative developmental stage in nematodes, exhibits distinct behavioral traits remains unclear. Here, the authors reveal the neural circuitry underlying these distinctions by reconstructing the dauer connectome and comparing it with other stages.
- Hyunsoo Yim
- , Daniel T. Choe
- & Junho Lee
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| Open Access
Direct contribution of the sensory cortex to the judgment of stimulus duration
The neural substrates of time perception are still unclear. Here, the authors show that as rats judged tactile stimuli, optogenetic manipulation of somatosensory cortex systematically altered perception of stimulus intensity and of duration, unveiling a multiplexed code.
- Sebastian Reinartz
- , Arash Fassihi
- & Mathew E. Diamond
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| Open Access
A neurophysiological basis for aperiodic EEG and the background spectral trend
The neural mechanisms that give rise to aperiodic EEG signals remains unclear. Here the authors characterize EEG signals generated by neural processes other than brain rhythms, demonstrating that certain drugs alter EEG signals in ways that confound traditional interpretation.
- Niklas Brake
- , Flavie Duc
- & Gilles Plourde
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Article
| Open Access
Neonatal brain dynamic functional connectivity in term and preterm infants and its association with early childhood neurodevelopment
Neonatal brain dynamics are not well understood. Here, the authors characterise brain transient states in neonates, and show that preterm infants display altered whole brain dynamics and an atypical repertoire of regional transient states, which are associated with behavioural outcomes at 18 months of age.
- Lucas G. S. França
- , Judit Ciarrusta
- & Dafnis Batalle
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| Open Access
Emergence of syntax and word prediction in an artificial neural circuit of the cerebellum
The role of the cerebellum in language processing remains unclear. Here, the authors use a biologically-constrained artificial cerebellar neural network to reveal a dual role of single circuit computation in syntax and word prediction.
- Keiko Ohmae
- & Shogo Ohmae
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Article
| Open Access
An actor-model framework for visual sensory encoding
Encoding and downsampling images is key for visual prostheses. Here, the authors show that an actor-model framework using the inherent computation of the retinal network yields better performance in downsampling images compared to learning-free methods.
- Franklin Leong
- , Babak Rahmani
- & Diego Ghezzi
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| Open Access
Structural connectome architecture shapes the maturation of cortical morphology from childhood to adolescence
Cortical morphology shows maturation during childhood and adolescence. Here the authors show this is structurally constrained by a diffusion network model and that this constraint is linked to gene expression profiles of microstructural development.
- Xinyuan Liang
- , Lianglong Sun
- & Yong He
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| Open Access
A developmental increase of inhibition promotes the emergence of hippocampal ripples
The developmental trajectory of hippocampal ripples, the electrical signature of long term memory storage, is poorly understood. Here, the authors show that their delayed appearance is mechanistically linked to the maturation of inhibition.
- Irina Pochinok
- , Tristan M. Stöber
- & Ileana L. Hanganu-Opatz
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| Open Access
Latent representations in hippocampal network model co-evolve with behavioral exploration of task structure
How mechanisms of single-cell plasticity lead to task-dependent cognitive maps remains unclear. Here, the authors show that this model of hippocampus shows that cooperation between local plasticity and reinforcement learning of behavior can lead to task-specific latent representations.
- Ian Cone
- & Claudia Clopath
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| Open Access
Acoustic and language-specific sources for phonemic abstraction from speech
How speech sounds come to be understood as language remains unclear. Here, the authors find that brain responses to speech in part reflect abstraction of phonological units specific to the language being spoken, mediated through relationships between acoustic features.
- Anna Mai
- , Stephanie Riès
- & Timothy Q. Gentner
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| Open Access
Connectome-based reservoir computing with the conn2res toolboxBrain connectivity patterns shape computational capacity of biological neural networks, however mapping empirically measured connectivity to artificial networks remains challenging. The authors present a toolbox for implementing biological neural networks as artificial reservoir networks. The toolbox allows for a variety of empirical/measured connectomes and is equipped with various dynamical systems, and cognitive tasks.
- Laura E. Suárez
- , Agoston Mihalik
- & Bratislav Misic
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| Open Access
Distinguishing examples while building concepts in hippocampal and artificial networks
While the hippocampus is well-known to store specific memories, it can also learn common features that are shared across individual memories. Here, the authors show how this ability arises from dual input pathways and how it can inspire better machine learning methods.
- Louis Kang
- & Taro Toyoizumi
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| Open Access
Ramping dynamics and theta oscillations reflect dissociable signatures during rule-guided human behavior
The authors show that neuronal populations in the human prefrontal-motor network interact via two discernible communication modes – ramping dynamics and neural oscillations. These modes operate in concert to facilitate rule-guided behavior.
- Jan Weber
- , Anne-Kristin Solbakk
- & Randolph F. Helfrich
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Article
| Open Access
Radiomic tractometry reveals tract-specific imaging biomarkers in white matter
Diffusion MRI is used for tract-specific microstructural analysis of the white matter. Here, the authors introduce radiomic tractometry (RadTract), enhancing tractometry with radiomics-based imaging biomarkers for improved predictive modelling.
- Peter Neher
- , Dusan Hirjak
- & Klaus Maier-Hein
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| Open Access
Multimodal measures of spontaneous brain activity reveal both common and divergent patterns of cortical functional organization
The relationship between fMRI-BOLD and neural activity in the brain is not well understood. Here, the authors combine calcium imaging and fMRI in the mouse brain to compare network organization derived from these imaging modalities.
- Hadi Vafaii
- , Francesca Mandino
- & Luiz Pessoa
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| Open Access
Prefrontal signals precede striatal signals for biased credit assignment in motivational learning biases
People are more likely to take action when they expect a reward but hold back when expecting punishment. Here, the authors show that such motivational biases may stem from biased action outcome learning in cortico-striatal circuits.
- Johannes Algermissen
- , Jennifer C. Swart
- & Hanneke E. M. den Ouden
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| Open Access
Spontaneous emergence of rudimentary music detectors in deep neural networks
Music is processed by dedicated circuits in the brain. Here, the authors show that these circuits can spontaneously emerge in neural networks by learning natural sound processing, even without explicit training with music.
- Gwangsu Kim
- , Dong-Kyum Kim
- & Hawoong Jeong
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| Open Access
A power law describes the magnitude of adaptation in neural populations of primary visual cortex
How cortical populations adapt to the statistics of sensory input is not fully understood. Here the authors show that a power law captures how the magnitude of population responses change across different sensory environments.
- Elaine Tring
- , Mario Dipoppa
- & Dario L. Ringach
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| Open Access
Evidence for increased parallel information transmission in human brain networks compared to macaques and male mice
Differences in information transmission in the brain network between humans and other species are not well understood. Here, the authors apply an information theory approach to structural connectomes and functional MRI and report that human brain networks display more evidence of parallel information transmission compared to macaques and mice.
- Alessandra Griffa
- , Mathieu Mach
- & Enrico Amico
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| Open Access
Targeted V1 comodulation supports task-adaptive sensory decisions
Animals respond rapidly and precisely to a variety of sensory stimuli, but the neural mechanisms supporting this flexibility are not fully understood. Here the authors describe a model of adaptive sensory processing based on functionally-targeted stochastic modulation, and find evidence for this co-variability in macaque V1 and middle temporal area.
- Caroline Haimerl
- , Douglas A. Ruff
- & Eero P. Simoncelli
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| Open Access
Augmenting interpretable models with large language models during training
Prediction and interpretation tasks may be challenging in high-stakes applications, such as medical decision-making, or systems with compute-limited hardware. The authors introduce an augmented framework for leveraging the knowledge learned by Large Language Models to build interpretable models which are both accurate and efficient.
- Chandan Singh
- , Armin Askari
- & Jianfeng Gao
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Article
| Open Access
Internal states as a source of subject-dependent movement variability are represented by large-scale brain networks
How internal states such as confidence and motivation influence motor performance remains unclear. Here, the authors explore brain networks associated with these internal states, finding that the Dorsal Attention Network encodes error states and the Default Network reflects perceived uncertainty.
- Macauley Smith Breault
- , Pierre Sacré
- & Sridevi V. Sarma
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| Open Access
Motion direction is represented as a bimodal probability distribution in the human visual cortex
The visual system quickly infers an object’s direction of motion from noisy sensory signals. Here, the authors show that orientation signals are used in this process, leading to bimodal probabilistic representations of motion direction in the human cortex.
- Andrey Chetverikov
- & Janneke F. M. Jehee
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| Open Access
Online conversion of reconstructed neural morphologies into standardized SWC format
There are a number of programs available for digital reconstruction of neural morphology. Here the authors present a standardized specification of the SWC file format, and introduce xyz2swc, a tool that converts reconstruction formats described in the literature into the SWC standard.
- Ketan Mehta
- , Bengt Ljungquist
- & Giorgio A. Ascoli
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| Open Access
Change detection in the primate auditory cortex through feedback of prediction error signals
The brain can quickly detect sounds that are not predicted. Here, the authors show that propagation of prediction error signals from higher-order auditory cortex to primary auditory cortex is critical for the change detection in the non-human primates.
- Keitaro Obara
- , Teppei Ebina
- & Masanori Matsuzaki
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| Open Access
Virtual lesions in MEG reveal increasing vulnerability of the language network from early childhood through adolescence
The robustness of the brain’s language network to injury throughout development is not well understood. Here, the authors use an MEG dataset of children listening to stories to show that the brain connectivity of younger children is more robust to simulated lesions.
- Brady J. Williamson
- , Hansel M. Greiner
- & Darren S. Kadis
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| Open Access
Sampling-based Bayesian inference in recurrent circuits of stochastic spiking neurons
The cortex contains a recurrent network of stochastically spiking neurons that performs many of the computations underlying perception and behavior. Here, the authors show how such networks can implement sampling-based probabilistic inference.
- Wen-Hao Zhang
- , Si Wu
- & Brent Doiron
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Article
| Open Access
Neural and computational underpinnings of biased confidence in human reinforcement learning
The mechanism of confidence formation in learning remains poorly understood. Here, the authors show that both dorsal and ventral prefrontal networks encode confidence, but only the ventral network incorporates the valence-induced bias.
- Chih-Chung Ting
- , Nahuel Salem-Garcia
- & Maël Lebreton
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Article
| Open Access
Emergence of cortical network motifs for short-term memory during learning
How learning refines the coordinated activitity of neurons across multiple regions of the mouse cortex remains unclear. Here, the authors identified the emergence of cortical subnetworks during learning of a sensorimotor task.
- Xin Wei Chia
- , Jian Kwang Tan
- & Hiroshi Makino
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Article
| Open Access
Acetylcholine waves and dopamine release in the striatum
Dopamine release occurs in spatiotemporal waves. Here the authors propose that dopamine waves arise locally in the striatum, and provide evidence for striatal acetylcholine waves.
- Lior Matityahu
- , Naomi Gilin
- & Joshua A. Goldberg
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Article
| Open Access
Early selection of task-relevant features through population gating
How the brain selects relevant information in complex and dynamic environments remains poorly understood. Here, the authors reveal that distinct neural populations in rat auditory cortex gate stimuli based on context, which could be facilitated by top-down signals from the prefrontal cortex.
- Joao Barbosa
- , Rémi Proville
- & Yves Boubenec
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Article
| Open Access
Neuronal connected burst cascades bridge macroscale adaptive signatures across arousal states
Here the authors describe a biophysical layer-5 pyramidal neuronal model linking microscale spiking to macroscale complex dynamics, that predicts distinct burst dynamics and information processing across unconscious, dreaming, and awake states.
- Brandon R. Munn
- , Eli J. Müller
- & James M. Shine
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Article
| Open Access
Transcriptional dissection of symptomatic profiles across the brain of men and women with depression
Recent research sheds light on sex-specific molecular changes in the brains of MDD patients, but their association with specific symptoms is still uncertain. Here, the authors revealed the existence of gene signatures underlying the expression of distinct symptom domains in the brain of men and women with depression.
- Samaneh Mansouri
- , André M. Pessoni
- & Benoit Labonté
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| Open Access
Enhanced brain structure-function tethering in transmodal cortex revealed by high-frequency eigenmodes
Brain structure and function have been observed to be increasingly untethered in transmodal cortex. Here, the authors show that structure-function coupling in these areas can be enhanced by diffusion patterns governed by high-frequency eigenmodes.
- Yaqian Yang
- , Zhiming Zheng
- & Shaoting Tang
Cross-modality mapping using image varifolds to align tissue-scale atlases to molecular-scale measures with application to 2D brain sections