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Crystal structures of human σ1 receptor bound to the antagonists haloperidol and NE-100, and to agonist (+)-pentazocine, alongside MD simulations, reveal a unique binding pose for, and major conformational rearrangements induced by, the agonist.
Biochemical and genome-wide analyses reveal that G4 structures sequester and inhibit the activity of DNMT1, thereby protecting CpG islands from methylation in human cells.
Newly developed assays to isolate and sequence direct NMD decay intermediates show that these are ribosome bound and can be subject to the addition of non-templated nucleotides, which affects their decay.
Nichols and Corces summarize the current knowledge of SMC structure and function and propose a new mechanism for SMC motor activity, which is central to the DNA loop extrusion model of genome organization.
Downregulation of the splicing regulator ESRP2 after liver injury activates a neonatal alternative splicing program that attenuates Hippo signaling in regenerating hepatocytes.
RNA uridylation offers a basis for diverse post-transcriptional regulation. Two recent studies reveal new roles of uridylation in immune defense against viruses and retrotransposons.
Cryo-EM data and functional assays reveal how the actin-cross-linking protein filamin A interacts with F-actin, rationalizing human disease mutations in molecular detail.
Cryo-EM and electrophysiological studies of two mechanosensitive OSCA channels from Arabidopsis thaliana reveal their structural similarity to osmosensitive TMEM16 channels and suggest they are gated by force from lipid in response to osmotic stress.
Cramer and colleagues review and discuss how the structural elucidation of transcription factors and functional complexes of human mitochondrial RNA polymerase have informed emerging understanding of the mechanism of mitochondrial gene transcription.
Structural, biochemical, and modeling studies reveal how the non-canonical RNA Pol II subunit Gdown1 precludes general transcription factor interactions with Pol II(G) to repress transcriptional activity in the absence of Mediator.
Single-molecule and biochemistry approaches are used to investigate how ultra-fine DNA bridges, which form between sister chromatids during anaphase, are recognized and processed by cellular factors PICH, BLM, TopoIIIα and RPA.
Influenza A virus (IAV) infection induces transcription termination defects in host cells, an effect modulated by SUMOylation of an intrinsically disordered region of the influenza NS1 protein expressed by the 1918 pandemic IAV strain.
X-ray crystal structures and mutational analysis of the Arp8 module of the yeast chromatin remodeler INO80 reveal its function as a linker DNA sensor required for nucleosome positioning.
A symposium in June 2018 sponsored by the Center on Membrane Protein Production and Analysis, a unit of the New York Structural Biology Center, focused on the structures of proteins residing in biological membranes. Explicit emphasis was placed on currently developing technologies aimed at determining such structures and at understanding their dynamics, mechanisms and complex interactions.