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This Viewpoint documents developments in the treatment of small renal masses, focusing on the current status of laparoscopic partial nephrectomy. The authors argue that, with careful patient selection, meticulous technique and considerable laparoscopic experience, laparoscopic partial nephrectomy can be performed reproducibly and reliably with equivalent oncologic and renal functional outcomes to open surgery.
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the penis that is detected and treated at an early stage is associated with good survival outcomes; however, the prognosis is poor for patients with advanced disease. In this Review the authors discuss the different prognostic factors for penile SCC and highlight nomograms that have been developed to assist in treatment decision making for patients with penile cancer.
Surgical treatments for bladder cancer are associated with long-term morbidities that affect bladder and sexual function. This Review on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) examines the important issues surrounding surgical treatment options for bladder cancer patients, including the different definitions and measurements for HRQOL. Factors that should be considered when selecting the type of reconstruction a patient should have following cystectomy are also discussed.
Botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) has become widely used in medicine. Its affects in the bladder have been well documented, but less information is available on its effects in prostate tissues. In this article the authors review studies that have examined the effects of BTX-A on the prostate and its use as a treatment for lower urinary tract symptoms related to benign prostatic hyperplasia.
Mutations in the androgen receptor can lead to differences in how men respond to testosterone supplementation therapy. In the future it is hoped that this will translate into therapy and dosage being tailored to individual patients' needs. In this Review the androgen receptor CAG repeat polymorphism is discussed and the clinical implications of different CAG repeat lengths are highlighted.
