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Transgender women are extensively under-represented in national cancer databases. Improved representation is urgently needed to bridge the evidence gap for this growing population and to inform prostate cancer epidemiology and professional guidelines.
Immune system activation is necessary for BCG-mediated tumour immunity in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. However, mounting evidence supports the notion that dysfunctional activation, in the form of immune exhaustion, might contribute to BCG failure. Thus, an exhaustion signature, arising in treated tumours, could act as a predictive marker for BCG therapy.
New evidence suggests that patients undergoing robotic-assisted radical cystectomy for non-metastatic bladder cancer experience better response in terms of days alive and out of the hospital than patients undergoing open radical cystectomy. The robotic approach was associated with improved post-operative mobilization, decreased transfusion requirement and reduced burden on perceived quality of life.
Mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 tumour suppressor genes are associated with prostate cancer risk, but optimal screening protocols for individuals with these mutations have been a subject of debate. In this Review, the authors discuss the risk associated with BRCA1/2 mutations and consider how, and whether, a screening programme should be implemented for these individuals.
This Review summarizes current knowledge regarding salvage high-dose chemotherapy in relapsed germ cell tumours. The authors outline data from phase I and II clinical trials, phase III randomized trials and retrospective datasets, discuss controversies and provide recommendations.
In this Perspective, the authors present clinical scenarios in which prostate hyperplasia and prostate cancer overlap, with a specific focus on holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP). Variables associated with incidental prostate cancer detection at HoLEP and prostate cancer development after HoLEP, as well as the role of HoLEP in patients with biopsy-proven prostate cancer, are also discussed.
Since its inception in 1922, prostate biopsy has undergone considerable changes in both technique and indication. In this Perspective, the authors describe the history of prostate biopsy and consider the role of imaging in prostate biopsy, now and in the future.
