Volume 16 Issue 12, December 2019

A recent study showed a correlation between clinical patient features and antibiotic resistance in patients with urinary tract infection (UTI). As resistance to antibiotics cannot be reversed, managing its emergence is of the utmost importance. Improving surveillance data will enable selection of appropriate antibiotics and help reduce the development of resistance.

Oxytocin antagonists seem to have potential as a treatment option for premature ejaculation (PE), but the parameters of their use are vague. Two recently published studies highlight the need for large-scale trials to elucidate the value of these drugs in the treatment of PE.

The ideal first-line treatment of cisplatin-ineligible patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC) remains unknown pending results of randomized trials. Although mUC tumours are sensitive to chemotherapy, response durations are short. A new retrospective study provides data on the effectiveness of first-line PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors compared with carboplatin-based chemotherapy in this setting.

The relationship between testosterone therapy and prostate cancer continues to challenge historic and current beliefs. A new cohort analysis revealed a ~33% reduction in prostate cancer incidence in men with increased testosterone use. The mechanisms underlying this protective effect are unclear, but these findings challenge current paradigms and warrant further investigation.

Emerging evidence suggests that the seminal microbiome has implications for the reproductive health of men, their partner, and even the health of their offspring. In this Review, the authors describe the current evidence for a seminal microbiome and consider what the future holds for this field of research.

In this Review, Narayan and Dahm summarize innovations in clinical trial design that have led to practice-changing developments in the treatment of urological cancers and offer a perspective on improving trial design in the future.

Despite improved surgical techniques and the development of transplants, therapeutic options for men who have penile disorders or who have sustained trauma to the penis are limited and erectile function can rarely be rescued. In this Review, the authors discuss regenerative approaches to tissue engineering the tunica and corpora to improve outcomes in these patients.

In this Review, Morris et al. summarize the mechanisms through which ²²³Ra exerts its biological effects in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer, discuss potential ²²³Ra combination therapies and provide future perspectives for targeted alpha-particle therapy.