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Serum tumor markers play a more critical role in testicular germ cell tumor management than in any other solid organ malignancy. Here, Barlow and colleagues discuss how the serum levels of AFP, hCG and LDH provide essential information for the differential diagnosis, staging, risk-stratification and surveillance of testicular tumors.
While the phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitors sildenafil, vardenafil and tadalafil have transformed the treatment of men with erectile dysfunction, a number of new PDE5 inhibitors have become available in the Far East. In this Review, the authors describe the efficacy of these new drugs, and briefly review the current state of development of other pharmacological therapies for erectile dysfunction, such as gene therapy and stem cell therapy.
Epigenetic changes, such as gain and loss of DNA methylation and altered histone modifications, are a hallmark of human cancer. The role of the epigenome in prostate cancer is well recognized. In this Review, the authors discuss the different epigenetic modifications which can contribute to cancer progression, and consider the therapeutic potential of targeting the epigenome in patients with prostate cancer.
In this Case Study, the authors describe the successful management of a spontaneously ruptured adrenal artery aneurysm using only interventional radiology techniques. The case highlights the importance of multidetector CT for identifying the bleeding point and the effectiveness of endovascular embolization in the management of this type of vascular emergency.
In this Case Study, the authors describe a patient with metastatic renal cell carcinoma who was treated with neoadjuvant sunitinib before cytoreductive nephrectomy. Despite a good clinical response to therapy, the patient experienced progression of an unidentified spinal metastasis during the preoperative drug vacation.
Renal pseudoaneurysm is a rare but serious complication of renal trauma and of a number of medical procedures. In this Review, the authors provide an introduction to the subject of renal pseudoaneurysm, and discuss the diagnosis and options for treatment of this potentially life-threatening condition.
The ShangRing is a novel device which has the potential to be used for safe and effective circumcision in areas where good surgical facilities and surgically trained personnel are scarce; and where HIV is widespread. In this Perspectives, the authors discuss the available data on the ShangRing and consider the possibilities for its future use in resource-poor areas.
The MiniArc™ sling is a next generation midurethral sling that is placed through a single incision with anchoring tips that fix into the obturator muscles. A new study reports 12-month success rates for this sling ranging from 85–91%, depending on the outcome measure evaluated, with a low rate of adverse events. Despite these encouraging results, long-term data are needed to demonstrate distinct advantages of the MiniArc™ over existing slings, combined with proven efficacy and safety.