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Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists are commonly used to treat men with prostate cancer. The hypogonadal state induced by GnRH agonists can lead to increased bone loss and, ultimately, osteoporosis in many men. This review outlines the mechanisms involved in bone loss associated with GnRH agonists and discusses the different measures that can be utilized in the treatment and prevention of osteoporosis in this group of patients.
In order to understand the mechanisms behind abnormal gonadal development it is important to understand the process of normal development. In this review, the normal development of the gonad in mammals, and the molecular pathways and candidate genes that have been implicated in abnormal gonadal development, are discussed.
The process of angiogenesis is central to the development and spread of cancer. Modern imaging techniques are increasingly offering ways in which the markers of angiogenesis can be visualized. This article discusses the different imaging methods that can be used to assess angiogenesis in the prostate gland.