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Exposure to drugs of abuse — for example, cocaine — leads to plastic changes in the activity of ion channels that control neuronal firing. In this Opinion article, Kourrich, Calu and Bonci discuss how accumulating evidence suggests that these changes may contribute to the shaping of addiction phenotype.
The subplate is a transient cortical zone that forms during mammalian brain development and has a crucial role in the formation of intracortical and extracortical circuits. Here, Hoerder-Suabedissen and Molnár review the changing architecture and cellular diversity of this zone in developing mouse and primate brains.
Although often thought of as a disease of the white matter, multiple sclerosis is also characterized by prominent demyelination and degeneration in the grey matter. Calabrese and colleagues discuss current hypotheses regarding the inflammatory and non-inflammatory mechanisms of grey matter damage in multiple sclerosis and its relationship to white matter damage.
Pathological perturbations of the brain can be described and modelled using network science. In this Review, Fornito, Zalesky and Breakspear discuss adaptive and maladaptive neural responses to such insults and consider how connectomics can be used to map, track and predict disease progression.
A new study shows that high dietary salt causes hypertension through disruption of a feedback circuit from arterial baroreceptors to the hypothalamus,which leads to unregulated vasopressin release and peripheral vasoconstriction.
Retromer is a protein assembly that has a crucial role in endosomal sorting and trafficking. In this Progress article, Small and Petsko discuss the role of retromer dysfunction in various neurological diseases, including Alzheimer disease and Parkinson disease.
Saccadic eye movements elicit travelling waves of neural activity in area V4 in macaques that might have a role in the reorganization of spatiotemporal visual information.
RNA-binding motif protein 3, a cold-shock protein, promotes synaptic regeneration and is neuroprotective in mouse models of Alzheimer disease and prion infection.
A functional MRI study demonstrates that the nucleus accumbens and ventromedial prefrontal cortex mediate the effects of self-regulation on pain rating.
The subtype of motor neurons that is most likely to degenerate early in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is prone to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in mice, owing to low levels of SIL1, an ER-associated protein.
A new study shows thatDrosophila melanogasterexhibits collective odour-avoidance behaviour that is dependent on mechanosensory interactions between individual flies.
