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Corticostriatal pathways consist of two distinct classes of cortical pyramidal cells: intratelencephalic and pyramidal tract neurons. In this Review, Shepherd explains how changes in the functional properties of these neurons result in an imbalance in activity that contributes to a wide variety of neurological disorders.
Emerging evidence suggests that there is an inverse comorbidity relationship between certain neurological disorders and certain cancers. In this Opinion article, Tabarés-Seisdedos and Rubenstein discuss the evidence for this intriguing association and possible underlying mechanisms.
Myosins II, V and VI are actin-based cytoskeletal motors that have specific pre- and postsynaptic roles. Kneussel and Wagner review their diverse functions, which include the regulation of actin cytoskeleton dynamics in dendritic spines and powering of synaptic cargo transport.
The aquaporins (AQPs) are a family of integral membrane proteins that are involved in water movement across cell membranes. In this Review, Papadopoulos and Verkman examine the roles of AQPs in the functioning of the mammalian nervous system and in various neurological conditions.
Masculinization of the preoptic area and sexual behaviour depends on a feedforward loop of prostaglandin E2 production that requires microglial activation.
Memories can sometimes be disrupted by pharmacological intervention during reconsolidation; a new study shows that a prediction error is required for this process.
In this Review, Robberecht and Philips provide a comprehensive summary of the current understanding of the causes and mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The emerging phenotypic heterogeneity of this neurodegenerative disease is leading to the concept that the term ALS covers several conditions and not just one disease.
Interactions between two risk loci for Parkinson's disease affect protein sorting in neurons and point towards a possible common pathway to neuropathology in Parkinson's disease.
An acetylating agent with fast antidepressant action in rodents acts by increasing the transcription of type 2 metabotropic glutamate receptors in the hippocampus and the prefrontal cortex.
Under conditions of reduced food availability, theDrosophila melanogasterbrain responds by switching from a more energy-demanding memory consolidation process involving protein synthesis to a less costly process that does not.
Attention can enhance performance in tasks that involve the visual system's spatial resolution. In this Review, Anton-Erxleben and Carrasco propose a framework that seeks to explain this effect and that also has implications for the representation of spatial information.
The distal axon and soma of a neuron may be a considerable distance apart, but they are still required to efficiently communicate with each other. In this Review, Harrington and Ginty examine how long-distance retrograde growth factor signalling is achieved between these compartments and its functions.
