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Sleep improves the consolidation of both declarative and non-declarative memories. Diekelmann and Born discuss the potential mechanisms through which slow wave sleep and rapid eye movement sleep support system and synaptic consolidation.
Sex influences on brain function are emerging in all areas of neuroscience. Jazin and Cahill review sex differences in gene expression in various species and consider the potential mechanisms that underlie these differences, including alternative splicing and epigenetics.