Primers and PrimeViews

This PrimeView highlights how electrochemical impedance spectroscopy is used to study the mechanisms of electrochemical reactions across different applications.

This Primer on electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) provides an experimental design guide to measure impedance and how these data are analysed. The range of applications that require EIS, from measuring battery performance to electrochemical biosensors, is highlighted. Limitations of the method along with emerging trends in experimental optimizations and data interpretation are also described.

This PrimeView highlights the key steps for reconstructing a super-resolution image from single-molecule localization data.

This Primer explains the central concepts of single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) before discussing experimental considerations regarding fluorophores, optics and data acquisition, processing and analysis. The Primer further describes recent high-impact discoveries made by SMLM techniques and concludes by discussing emerging methodologies.

This PrimeView highlights how computational approaches can be used to characterise medium-sized molecular systems investigated using different spectroscopic techniques, focusing on the role of computation to help understand spectroscopic phenomena and how accuracy and interpretability are coupled.

Puzzarini and colleagues explore the computational characterization of medium-sized molecular systems using different spectroscopic techniques. The Primer provides essential information about the characteristics, accuracy and limitations of current computational approaches used for modelling spectroscopic phenomena with a focus on estimating error bars, limitations and coupling interpretability to accuracy.

This PrimeView highlights the use of scanning probe microscopy across a range of applications, from chemistry and materials science to studying living systems.

Bian et al. discuss the utility of different variants of scanning probe microscopy, with a focus on scanning tunnelling microscopy and atomic force microscopy. They summarize how the tools are used in the life and physical sciences.

This PrimeView highlights how electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy can be used to detect and understand the evolution of dynamic species with unpaired electrons during various catalytic cycles, focusing on current and future experimental setups for active catalyst detection and the diverse applications this in situ technique enables.

This Primer on in situ electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy describes various experimental set-ups to acquire spectral information on the paramagnetic state of chemical species with unpaired electrons present during catalytic reactions, with the goal of unravelling catalytic mechanisms and optimizing catalyst activity.

This PrimeView highlights the different techniques used for acquiring information on the spatial organization of proteins within the cell.

This Primer discusses methods for characterizing the subcellular location and organization of cellular proteins. The authors outline methods for generating spatially resolved proteomics data and describe tools and considerations for data analysis, before discussing the applications of these methods for investigating protein trafficking, identifying multi-localized proteins and localizing proteins at sub-organelle resolution.

This PrimeView describes the broad set of chemistries available within the bioorthogonal chemistry toolbox and how these have been used across a broad set of applications.

The underlying mechanisms and optimal conditions that drive biorthogonal reactions and the utility of these for applications in medicinal chemistry and protein synthesis to polymers and materials science are described in this Primer. Current reproducibility standards and how current reaction limitations are driving new research efforts are also discussed.

This PrimeView highlights various parallelization techniques to concurrently acquire different NMR signals, and focuses on how increases in data acquisition speeds and sensitivity lead to quicker elucidation of molecular structures.

This Primer on parallel nuclear magnetic resonance describes various parallelization techniques ranging from hardware design to pulse sequence development that allow concurrent acquisition of different signals and lead to an increase in both data acquisition speeds and sensitivity when elucidating molecular structures.

This PrimeView highlights the different setups for optical tweezers and their applications, with a focus on the various force measurements they enable on single molecules such as DNA and molecular motors.

This Primer on optical tweezers describes the instrumentation and experimental designs used in most single-molecule optical tweezers assays and discusses optical tweezers measurements in systems of biophysical interest such as DNA elasticity, protein and RNA folding, and molecular motors.

This PrimeView highlights the most relevant aspects of information theory that facilitate automation and prediction for chemical synthesis. This summary provides an overview of the software, hardware and data and how these are used to enable retrosynthetic logic, reaction prediction and automation.

This Primer summarizes the most relevant aspects of chemical synthesis in this information age for those looking to understand the software, hardware and data and how these are used to enable retrosynthetic logic, reaction prediction and automation.