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As World AIDS Day approaches, and the 30th anniversary year of the isolation of HIV-1 draws to a close, it is timely to reflect on the past, present and future of HIV/AIDS research.
This study shows that binding of leukotoxin ED to the chemokine receptors CXCR1 and CXCR2 on neutrophils is crucial forStaphylococcus aureuspathogenesis.
Apicomplexan parasites have unique lipid-scavenging and -synthesis pathways that are not found in their mammalian hosts. Coppens gives an overview of these pathways inPlasmodium spp., Toxoplasma gondii and Cryptosporidiumspp. and highlights promising drug targets to interfere with the parasites' high demand for isoprenoids, sphingolipids and cholesterol.
The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus and, more recently, Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) coronavirus has highlighted the pathogenic and epidemic potential of this virus family. Here, Graham, Donaldson and Baric review key biological properties of coronaviruses and how to target them with potential therapeutics.
Current antimalarial therapy heavily relies on artemisinins, a drug class that only targets the blood stages of the parasite and which is increasingly feared to elicit drug resistance. Flannery, Chatterjee and Winzeler discuss the approaches used to develop novel drugs that are active against different life cycle stages with the ultimate aim of eliminating malaria.
Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) and Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) establish latent infections, during which the viral genomes are maintained in the host cell as viral episomes. As discussed by Lieberman, latency depends on numerous factors, including viral genome chromatinization and epigenetic modification, as well as tight control of the latency transcription programme.
The isolation of HIV-1 was a fundamental step for understanding HIV and the disease it causes. Here, Françoise Barré-Sinoussi, Anna Laura Ross and Jean-François Delfraissy look back on three decades of research that have changed the lives of people infected with HIV and have inspired hope for a cure.
Antonio Cassone outlines why he thinks univalent subunit vaccines targetingCandida albicansare unlikely to succeed and argues that the development of a multivalent vaccine could be a better approach.