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In the short time since SARS-CoV2 emerged, much has been learned about the immunopathology of the infection. Here, Xuetao Cao discusses what these early insights imply for drug discovery and clinical management.
Co-inhibitory receptor signalling — through CTLA4, LAG3, PD1, TIGIT, NRP1 and TIM3 — controls the function and stability of regulatory T cells in autoimmunity and cancer and could therefore be amenable to therapeutic targeting.
New research suggests that haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) can contribute to trained immunity. Stimulation with lipopolysaccharide establishes long-lasting epigenetic changes in HSCs that confer improved responsiveness to secondary stimulation.
Nature Reviews Immunology has launched a special Series on Neuroimmunology. We hope the articles in this Series serve as guiding lights on what promises to be an exciting scientific journey.
Two studies published in Nature report that gasdermin-mediated pyroptosis of tumour cells induces cytotoxic lymphocyte-mediated antitumour immune responses.
Iain McInnes discusses a 1994 paper by Ravinder Maini, Marc Feldmann and colleagues that showed a specific cytokine (tumour necrosis factor) could be targeted for therapeutic benefit in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
The RNA-sensing retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptors (RLRs) are important inducers of type I interferons and other antiviral immune mediators. Here, Jan Rehwinkel and Michaela Gack explain how members of the RLR family are regulated and reflect on the importance of the RLRs in viral infection, autoimmunity and cancer.
New study suggests benefit from chemotherapy depends on switching to B cells with antitumour activity. This switch is driven by complement signals, generated following chemotherapy-induced tumour cell death, that boost a distinct B cell subset that supports antitumour T cell immunity.
Here a group of leaders in the field define our current understanding of ‘trained immunity’, which refers to the memory-type responses that occur in the innate immune system. The authors discuss our current understanding of the key epigenetic and metabolic processes involved in trained immunity and consider its relevance in immune-mediated diseases and cancer.
The first article in our Women in Immunology series pays tribute to Delphine Parrott, who conducted pioneering work in the fields of T cell biology, lymphoid tissue anatomy, lymphocyte trafficking and mucosal immunology.
Innate lymphoid cell (ILC) subsets with defined phenotypes can adapt to local environmental cues through transdifferentiation. Studies of such plasticity have improved our understanding of the biological roles of ILCs and offer promise for new strategies to treat inflammatory diseases and cancer.
Like bacteria, T cells are reported to communicate with each other and adapt their behaviour according to cell density. This quorum regulation supports T cell population expansion and contraction in response to infection.
Recent single-cell studies have revealed a previously unappreciated heterogeneity among endothelial cells that line the lymphatic sinuses of the lymph nodes. In this Review, the authors describe these various lymphatic endothelial cell types and how they support the trafficking of cells and antigens through lymph nodes.
Febrile temperature increases the differentiation of T helper 17 (TH17) cells with a more pro-inflammatory, pathogenic phenotype, which could have implications for the pathogenesis of autoimmunity.
