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Various small molecules, including numerous anticancer agents, act by targeting DNA or protein components of chromatin. This Review describes how various complementary technologies use high-throughput sequencing to delineate drug responses, from identifying the genomic binding sites of drugs or their targets, to the ensuing changes to chromatin states and gene expression. These insights should facilitate the rational use of these therapies.
The resolution of epigenomic profiling has been vastly augmented with the adoption of new approaches to interrogate varied features of the epigenome. This Review describes these techniques and outlines the ways in which these genome-wide tools can be used to examine the epigenome.
This Review provides insights obtained from comparative transcriptomic studies of mammalian species. The dynamics of gene expression evolution in coding and non-coding genes, as well as the regulatory basis of transcriptome evolution and future research avenues, are discussed.
Various bacterial and eukaryotic microorganisms engage in interactions with plant hosts, ranging from co-evolutionary arms races between phytopathogens and their hosts to the beneficial effects of mutualistic microorganisms. This Review discusses how next-generation sequencing of microbial isolates and environmental samples has provided insights into the mechanisms and genome-wide evolution of pathogenesis in phytopathogens, as well as a more global understanding of plant-associated microbial communities.