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Ribosome profiling is a recently developed technique that uses deep sequencing to study translationin vivo. This approach has provided new insights into the identities and amounts of proteins produced by cells, as well as into the mechanism of protein synthesis itself.
The derivation of disease-relevant cell types from pluripotent stem cells holds much promise for disease therapy. The recent progress in directed differentiation and the challenges ahead are discussed in this Review.
Methods that are based on next-generation sequencing technology are used for a range of applications from genome sequencing to transcriptomic and epigenomic studies. Here, the authors discuss the important issue of sequencing depth in the design of such experiments.
Constraint-based modelling methods systematize biochemical, genetic and genomic knowledge into a mathematical framework, which enables a mechanistic description of metabolic physiology. Recent successes in using this approach have implications for microbial evolution, interaction networks, genetic engineering and drug discovery.
In the past few years, there have been rapid advances in the identification of the genetic components of autism spectrum disorders, particularly in the form ofde novomutations. Here, the authors review these developments in light of genetic models for autism spectrum disorders.