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Next-generation sequencing has allowed an unprecedented genomic characterization of diverse cancer types. This Review describes our latest understanding of cancer genomes, including methods to interpret the mutation data, and the emerging biological and clinical implications.
The identification of mutations that underlie rare diseases has dramatically accelerated in recent years thanks to next-generation sequencing. This Review discusses strategies for further identification studies, insights into disease mechanisms and the clinical implications of the rapid progress in this field of research.
Genes that have originated in recent evolution are present in only a subset of organisms and are often assumed to be dispensable or redundant. This Review discusses our latest understanding of how new genes in diverse species have actually evolved to have important functions in diverse developmental and physiological processes in various organisms.
This Review considers mechanisms by which information is transmitted over short and long distances during plant development and how different modes of signalling integrate with gene regulatory networks to allow plants to respond to their environment.
High-throughput technologies are starting to be applied to assess the complex molecular changes that occur with increasing age in humans. This Progress article introduces the emerging findings for transcriptomics, epigenomics, metabolomics and other 'omics' approaches.