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An emerging feature of COVID-19 is a clinically relevant osteo-metabolic phenotype characterized by widespread acute hypocalcaemia and chronic hypovitaminosis D with high prevalence of vertebral fractures. This phenotype might have negative effects on disease severity and its components could represent possible targets for prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection and poor COVID-19 outcomes.
COVID-19 has been described as a syndemic of COVID-19 and chronic diseases. Obesity has been identified as a contributing factor to morbidity and mortality associated with COVID-19; however, sedentary behaviours and lack of physical activity should also be targeted by health authorities to reduce the risk of severe COVID-19 outcomes.
A new study investigates brown adipose tissue (BAT) volume in young, metabolically healthy adults. The focus is on the associations between BAT volume and BMI, waist circumference, whole-body adipose tissue mass, visceral adipose tissue mass and cold-induced BAT activity. Of note, the reported associations differed in men and women.
This Review summarizes the mechanisms by which endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress contributes to β-cell dysfunction and cell death in monogenic diabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In addition, the potential therapeutic strategies for T2DM and metabolic syndrome that target ER stress in β-cells are discussed.
This Review critically evaluates the studies that support and refute the role of brain insulin in systemic nutrient partitioning. The authors discuss the role of brain insulin in metabolic control and the contribution of brain insulin resistance to metabolic disease and assess the therapeutic potential of enhancing or restoring brain insulin signalling in metabolic disease.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are closely linked; effective therapeutics are lacking for both conditions, particularly NAFLD. This Review will discuss therapeutic options for NAFLD, focusing on targeting intermediary metabolism, insulin resistance and T2DM.
Studies have shown that the three pathways of regulated necrosis, namely necroptosis, pyroptosis and ferroptosis, can be therapeutically targeted. This Perspective summarizes existing data on the newly characterized cell death pathways in endocrine disorders.
