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Low plasma levels of HDL cholesterol are a risk factor for infection and hospitalization for infectious disease. Recent work suggests that inadequate levels of HDL particles of specific sizes — small and medium — account for this risk. In this Comment, we discuss the mechanistic implications of these observations and the methodologies used to quantify HDL size.
The post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 present major problems for many patients, their physicians and the health-care system. They are unrelated to the severity of the initial infection, are often highly symptomatic and can occur after vaccination. Many sequelae involve cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction, with postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome in 30% of individuals. Prognosis is unknown, and treatment is still unsatisfactory.
Deisseroth and colleagues used a novel optogenetic system to pace the heart and determine whether an increase in heart rate can evoke anxiety-like behaviours.
The non-nutritive sweetener erythritol, a widely used sugar substitute, is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, including myocardial infarction and stroke, according to a new study.
In the Evolut Low Risk study, transcatheter aortic valve implantation in low-risk patients with severe aortic stenosis compared favourably with surgical aortic valve replacement in terms of all-cause mortality or disabling stroke at 3 years.
Tricuspid transcatheter edge-to-edge repair in patients with severe tricuspid regurgitation improved quality of life and reduced disease severity compared with medical therapy
Immediate complete revascularization is as safe and effective as staged complete revascularization in patients with acute coronary syndrome and multivessel disease, according to findings from the BIOVASC trial.
In patients with complex coronary lesions, percutaneous coronary intervention guided by intravascular imaging improved cardiovascular outcomes compared with percutaneous coronary intervention guided by angiography.
In the CLEAR Outcomes trial, bempedoic acid lowered plasma LDL-cholesterol levels and reduced the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events in individuals who were intolerant to statin therapy.
Findings from the STELLAR trial show that the addition of sotatercept to background therapy in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension significantly improved exercise capacity compared with placebo.
Findings from the DREAM-HF trial, the largest clinical trial of cell therapy in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) to date, suggest that cardiac therapy with mesenchymal precursor cells might benefit patients with HFrEF, particularly those with inflammation.
A wrist-worn, transdermal sensor can be used to measure plasma levels of cardiac troponin I, potentially facilitating the diagnosis of myocardial infarction.
According to findings from the PULSED AF trial, pulsed field ablation for atrial fibrillation is associated with a very low incidence of serious procedure-related adverse events and has an effectiveness consistent with that of established thermal ablation methods.
MK-0616, an oral inhibitor of PCSK9, safely and effectively lowers plasma levels of LDL cholesterol in a dose-dependent manner in patients with hypercholesterolaemia.
Understanding how adverse professional life experiences affect the mental well-being of cardiologists is important. An unmet and equally important need is to design and implement strategies to prevent emotional harassment and discrimination at health-care workplaces and to effectively support cardiologists who have been exposed to adverse professional life experiences. These strategies are especially needed for female, younger or divorced cardiologists.
In this Review, Noseda and colleagues provide an overview of the technical challenges in the experimental design of single-cell and single-nucleus transcriptomics studies, and describe novel findings derived from transcriptomics studies for each major cardiac cell type in both health and disease, and from development to adulthood.
A growing body of evidence suggests that the mechanical functions of cardiac fibroblasts are an active and necessary component of myocardial growth and homeostasis. In this Review, Van Linthout and colleagues describe cell mechanosensation as a regulator of cardiac maturation and disease, and summarize the evidence showing that remodelling of the cardiac extracellular matrix, as a result of disease, can induce changes in the mechanical properties of the myocardium.
In this Review, Gatsiou and Stellos summarize the current knowledge on RNA modifications in cardiovascular health and disease, discussing their effect on cardiovascular biology and function, and the potential for development and application of epitranscriptome-based prognostic, diagnostic and therapeutic tools for cardiovascular disease.
In this Review, the authors summarize the evidence for physiological and pathological cardiac hypertrophy regression from clinical and basic science studies, discussing therapies and mechanisms involved in regression of cardiac hypertrophy and highlighting knowledge gaps and questions for future investigation to design specific therapies to promote regression of pathological hypertrophy.
