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Important lessons about human susceptibility to coronary atherosclerosis can be learned from the relative resilience of chimpanzees to coronary artery disease (CAD), despite their higher baseline plasma levels of LDL cholesterol and lipoprotein(a) than in humans. Evolutionary pressure and hyper-reactive T cells might have a role in the unique susceptibility of humans to CAD.
The totality of evidence from large-scale, randomized, controlled clinical trials and mechanistic studies in the laboratory has provided six crucial lessons about the emerging role of SGLT2 inhibitors to prevent the onset of heart failure in patients at high risk and slow the progression of heart failure in patients with established disease.
Wearable devices are widely used and have a high level of societal acceptance, opening unimagined and unexploited possibilities in cardiovascular medicine. In this Clinical Outlook, we highlight the disruptive potential of wearables for cardiovascular disease prevention, diagnosis and management, and suggest strategies for quickly and safely translating these lifestyle products into medical devices.
The cardiac parasympathetic nervous system is composed of two parallel circuits with distinct functions: one selectively controls cardiac function and another coordinates cardiac and pulmonary function.
The stretch-activated, calcium-permeable Piezo1 channel is the mechanosensor that transduces cardiomyocyte stretch into the biochemical signalling pathway that leads to cardiac hypertrophy in mice.
Adding remnant cholesterol levels to traditional risk scores for ischaemic heart disease and myocardial infarction improves the accuracy of individual risk stratification.
High plasma levels of HDL cholesterol have been shown to be associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular disease. However, paradoxically, very high HDL-cholesterol levels are associated with increased mortality in patients with coronary artery disease, according to a new study.
Numerous new CRISPR-based genome-editing tools have expanded the application of genome editing to include gene-expression control, epigenome editing, RNA editing and live-cell imaging. In this Review, Wu and colleagues describe how these novel CRISPR tools are used to investigate biological processes and disease pathophysiology for cardiovascular research and medicine.
In this Review, the authors provide an overview of the immune cells involved in atherosclerosis, discuss preclinical research and published and ongoing clinical trials assessing the therapeutic potential of targeting the immune system in atherosclerosis, highlight emerging therapeutic targets from preclinical studies and identify challenges for successful clinical translation.
In this Review, Raitakari and colleagues discuss the importance of initiating the prevention of atherosclerosis in early life and summarize the major paediatric programmes for the prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is a rare form of heart failure that presents in late pregnancy or early in the postpartum period. In this Review, Hoes and colleagues discuss the known risk factors for PPCM, including genetic variants and pre-eclampsia, and describe the potential pathogenic mechanisms underlying the development of PPCM such as disrupted metabolic homeostasis in the heart owing to pregnancy-induced hormone fluctuations.
