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The four tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) regulate proteolysis of a vast range of matrix and cell surface proteins, affecting tumour architecture and cell signalling. This Review article analyses the role of TIMPs in cancer and their potential as targets and biomarkers.
This Review summarizes progress in applying nanotechnology to cancer treatment and discusses the challenges of clinical translation and opportunities to develop more effective nanotherapeutics through our increasing understanding of tumour biology and nano–bio interactions.
This Review discusses the molecular processes and clonal evolution that lead to myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and secondary acute myeloid leukaemia, highlighting the ways in which these insights are shaping the clinical management of MDS.
In this Review, Zitvogelet al. describe the mouse models of transplantable, carcinogen-induced and genetically engineered tumours that have laid the foundations of oncoimmunology.
Altered cancer cell metabolism can result in intracellular metabolite concentration changes. This Review discusses the mechanisms that lead to metabolite concentration changes in cancer cells, the consequences of these changes and how they might be exploited to improve cancer therapy.
Lipid metabolism, especially fatty acid (FA) synthesis, is essential for membrane biosynthesis, energy storage and the generation of signalling molecules. This Review explores how FA synthesis promotes tumorigenesis and tumour progression and might be targeted therapeutically.
The availability of oxygen and nutrients changes during tumour evolution, which can have an effect on gene expression and diverse metabolic reactions as cells try to adapt to the new environment. In this Review the authors summarize how these metabolic adaptations are integrated in hypoxic tumour cells and their role in disease progression.
The reprogramming of glucose metabolism in cancer cells, which have increased flux through glycolysis and related pathways, offers the promise of targeted inhibitors to selectively eradicate cancer cells either by themselves or as adjuvants to existing therapeutic modalities.
Serine supports many biosynthetic pathways, including the one-carbon cycle. This Review discusses how cancer cells acquire and use serine, and explores novel therapeutic approaches to limit serine metabolism.
Alterations in the epigenome and metabolism bidirectionally regulate molecular rewiring in cancer cells. This Review discusses how metabolic remodelling can contribute to tumour epigenetic alterations, thereby affecting cancer cell differentiation, proliferation and/or apoptosis as well as therapeutic responses.
This Review discusses how acetate functions as a nutritional source for tumours and as a regulator of cancer cell stress, and how preventing its (re)capture by cancer cells may provide an opportunity for therapeutic intervention.
The mevalonate (MVA) pathway is an essential metabolic pathway that is affected by many oncogenic signalling pathways. This Review discusses the opportunity to immediately target the MVA pathway in cancer with agents approved for other therapeutic uses, such as statins.
This Review assesses what we have learnt about adoptive cell transfer of engineered T cells for the treatment of patients with B cell malignancies and discusses how this therapy can be improved and applied to other malignancies, including solid tumours.
Cancer is associated with fibroblasts at all stages of disease progression. This Review discusses the pleiotropic actions of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) on tumour cells and postulates that they are likely to be a heterogeneous and plastic population of cells in the tumour microenvironment.
This Review summarizes our current understanding of the functions of established and emerging hereditary breast and ovarian cancer genes in genome maintenance pathways. The authors discuss how classifying variants as pathogenic by structural and functional analysis will aid clinical management.
This Review provides an overview of glutamine metabolism and its involvement in tumorigenesisin vitro and in vivo, exploring the recent potential applications of basic science discoveries in the clinical setting.
This Review discusses the increased understanding of the biology of T cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (T-ALL) and how this has translated into new prognostic biomarkers, improved animal models and the emergence of targeted therapies to combat this disease.
This Review brings many aspects of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma research into a single concept rooted in Darwinian evolution, with the goal of identifying novel insights and opportunities for future study.
This Review summarizes the successes and challenges of using different types of molecules as biomarkers, using lung cancer as a key illustrative example. This article also discusses the future of precision medicine and national-level efforts to better treat patients with cancer.
The discovery of cancer mutations that affect enhancer elements has generated interest in mapping and targeting cancer-specific enhancers, as discussed in this Review.
