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A deep-learning-based ‘organelle segmentation network’ (OrgSegNet), performing pixel-wise segmentation to identify various organelles, is an innovative tool for plant organelle phenotyping and 3D cell reconstruction.
Studying cultivar-specific sensitivities of yield components to environmental variables during developmental subphases provides deep insight into the three-way interactions between phenology, yield formation and environmental fluctuations.
The independently evolved extreme holoparasites Balanophora and Sapria display convergent characteristics of genome modifications, including gene loss in particular pathways, reduction of multigene families and relaxed selection pressures.
FS8.1, a non-canonical GT-2 factor, controls the elongated fruit shape and crush resistance of processing tomatoes. This study provides a potential route to rapidly customize machine-harvestable fresh-market tomatoes without reducing quality values.
A novel resistance gene against maize rough dwarf disease was identified, which confers broad resistance to the virus pathogen infecting multiple cereal crops by regulating jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthesis and JA-mediated defence response.
Lateral roots grow at specific angles with respect to gravity. Two auxin transporters, PIN3 and PIN7, in gravi-sensing cells establish hormone gradients that balance downward and upward growth to generate stable, non-vertical roots.
Clark and colleagues show that plant anatomical diversity evolved episodically over geologic time, reflecting ecological expansion facilitated by reproductive innovations. This is paralleled in animals and fungi, suggesting a general evolutionary mode for multicellular bodyplans.
The 3D structure of plant hormone ABA transporter ABCG25 reveals the molecular mechanism underlying substrate-specific recognition and transport and provides new insights to the physiological study of ABA and plant ABC transporters.
Cryo-EM structures are determined for the abscisic acid (ABA) exporter ABCG25 in Arabidopsis in the apo, ABA-bound and ATP-bound states, which facilitate our understanding of the ABA transport and signalling processes in plants.
Bourdon et al. demonstrate the possibility to ectopically synthesize callose, a polymer restricted to primary cell walls, into Arabidopsis and aspen secondary cell walls to manipulate their ultrastructure and ultimately reduce their recalcitrance.
Sex determination evolved to control unisexual flowers. This study shows that ethylene produced in the carpel activates the expression of CmHB40 in stamens to inhibit genes required for stamen development and yield female flowers in melon.
Cryo-EM structures and quantum calculation reveal LHCII as a controlling switch for the transition between light capture and excess energy dissipation, in response to lateral pressure and acid-induced conformational changes.
This study reports a new family of proteins localized in the Casparian strip that mediate the junction of plasma membrane and Casparian strip for maintaining nutrient homoeostasis in rice.
Dadras et al. exposed Mesotaenium, an alga of the sister lineage to land plants, to a bifactorial gradient of environmental cues and use comparative analyses to pinpoint conserved circuits in plant genetic response networks.
Allelopathy—the chemical competition between neighbouring plants—has been observed for centuries. This study identifies a sensor of phenolic allelochemicals and reveals translational control as a key mechanism.
This study identifies argininesuccinate lyase, a key member of the urea cycle for arginine biosynthesis, as an important molecular component of rice root tolerance to ammonium and so as a potential lead to improve nitrogen use efficiency and yield.
The authors used a long-read nanopore method to study chromatin accessibility and DNA methylation of the highly repetitive centromeres, telomeres, and ribosomal DNA arrays in both wildtype and DNA methylation mutants of Arabidopsis.
This study provides evidence that microbiota has a fundamental role in immune maturation and age-dependent disease resistance in plants. Results also implicate a negative impact of high nitrogen on microbiota colonization and function.
Using a system-level approach in the model plant species Arabidopsis thaliana, the authors identified a novel pathway coordinated by the ubiquitin E3 ligase PIR1 and the transcription factor ABI5 that tunes life-or-death outcomes in conditions of inefficient signalling responses to proteotoxic stress of the endoplasmic reticulum.
VERNALIZATION INSENSITIVE 3-LIKE 1 regulates intercellular communication during the growth transition after bulb dormancy by epigenetic regulation of callose synthase via the NF-YA7 transcription factor.