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The first crystal structure of a fungal secreted haemophore—Csa2 from Candida albicans—provides insight into how pathogenic fungi extract haem from haemoglobin and transfer it to the cytoplasm, where it serves as a source of iron.
Star-shaped engineered peptide nanoparticles are effective at killing a variety of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative pathogens in vivo with low host toxicity and resistance.
Deep sequencing of samples from patients infected with Ebola virus during the latest West Africa outbreak reveals intra-host single nucleotide variations, including events that modulate the expression of the gene encoding the viral nucleoprotein.
Crystal structures of hypervariable group A Streptocococus M proteins define a conserved binding modality to complement the associated C4b-binding protein.
Sub-surface microbial communities support methanogenesis via methylamine cycling and can persist by fermenting hydraulic fracture injection fluids. Microbial sulfide production contributes to reservoir souring and infrastructure corrosion.
To coordinate cell wall synthesis, the fungus Ustilago maydis packages different cell-wall-forming enzymes into the same vesicles, which ensures that the enzymes travel together to foci of cell wall formation in the plasma membrane.
3D tracking of quantum dots, cross-kymography and computational modelling reveals a left-hand corkscrew motion of the H. salinarum archaellum, with a right-handed helical structure and a motor efficiency of 6–10%.
Termination sequencing reveals that several archaeal genes contain multiple consecutive-terminators, which results in the generation of alternative 3′ UTR isoforms during transcription, similar to what is observed in eukaryotes.
Pulsed doses of antibiotics increased the incidence of type 1 diabetes in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice. This was associated with altered gut microbial composition, lipid metabolism, host cholesterol biosynthetic gene expression and Th17 and Treg cell proportions.
Treatment with lipid nanoparticles encapsulating siRNAs targeting the viral VP35 gene are able to rescue rhesus macaques infected with a lethal dose of Sudan ebolavirus.
Vaccinia virus recruits host proteins to promote viral release from infected cells. This is achieved by the viral protein A36, which contains three NPF motifs that interact with the host proteins intersectin-1 and Eps15.
Spatial correlation between microbial communities and chemical gradients within a lake system was observed, with few organisms capable of sulphate reduction, supporting microbial cooperation for geochemical functioning
The Mouse Intestinal Bacterial Collection (miBC) is a public repository of bacterial strains and associated genomes from the mouse gut. A minimal consortium of 18 species covered 50–75% of the known functional potential.
The cryoEM structures of Ebola virus GP and sGP in complex with GP-specific and GP/sGP cross-reactive antibodies provides insight into the oligomeric arrangement of sGP and a comparison of its structure and epitope presentation with GP.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection induces host microRNA miR-301b via a TLR4-dependent pathway in order to block c-Myb inflammatory cytokine signalling and neutrophil infiltration.
Measurements of mercury species and metagenomic analyses of Antarctic snow, brine, sea ice, and seawater suggest that mercury methylation may be conducted by the marine microaerophilic bacterium Nitrospina in Antarctic sea ice.
A phylogenetic approach was used to illuminate the physiology of the last universal common ancestor, supporting the theory that LUCA was an H2-dependent autotroph in a hydrothermal setting rich in hydrogen, carbon dioxide and iron.
Murine sepsis models and humans with established acute respiratory distress syndrome harbour a lung microbiome enriched in viable gut-associated bacteria and were correlated with inflammation intensity.
The skin microbiome in patients prone to atopic dermatitis is enriched in Streptococcus and Gemella, and is associated with an adaptive immune response, an altered eukaryotic community and a functional shift in the microbiome-wide gene repertoire.