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The S-oxidizing symbiont of the bivalve Codakia orbicularis encodes all proteins required for biological nitrogen fixation. The symbiont's NifH is phylogenetically close to free-living N-fixing Proteobacteria associated with seagrass sediment.
The chemosynthetic symbionts of the bivalve Loripes lucinalis and nematode Laxus oneistus are found to encode nitrogen fixation genes, with evidence for active nitrogen fixation.
During bacterial infection, tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase is secreted by monocytes and binds to macrophages via a TLR4–MD2 complex to induce phagocytosis and chemokine production, thereby serving as a primary defence system against infection.
Metagenomic, metatranscriptomic and metaproteomic approaches are used to resolve the taxonomic and functional characteristics of gastrointestinal microbiota from four families with multiple cases of type 1 diabetes mellitus.
Phylogenetic analysis defines the population and transmission structure of Listeria monocytogenes isolates and creates a global framework for epidemiological surveillance.Phylogenetic analysis defines the population and transmission structure of Listeria monocytogenes isolates and creates a global framework for epidemiological surveillance.
The Verstraetearchaeota encode divergent methyl-coenzyme M reductase genes, which are required for methylotrophic methanogenesis, increasing methanogen diversity and the complexity of the global methane cycle.
The Pseudomonas aeruginosa quorum-sensing molecule 2-aminoacetophenone (2-AA) upregulates HDAC1 to reduce acetylation at cytokine promoters and promote host tolerance during infection.
Whole-genome sequencing suggests that the spread of multidrug-resistant Enterobacter cloacae infections in the UK and Ireland is driven by a diverse community-based pool of strains.
A symbiosis between the root-inhabiting Enterobacter sp. M6 and the finger millet creates a physical barrier around the roots, trapping and killing the fungus Fusarium graminearum via M6-derived release of fungicides into the barrier matrix.
Immunization with inactivated Japanese encephalitis vaccine generates cross-reactive antibodies that enhance immunogenicity on subsequent immunization with live attenuated yellow fever vaccine, demonstrating antibody-dependent enhancement of infection in a clinical trial.
Mutations in two previously unreported Plasmodium falciparum genes, acetyl-CoA transporter (pfact) and UDP-galactose transporter (pfugt), convey resistance to two imidazolopiperazine antimalarial compounds.
The first crystal structure of a fungal secreted haemophore—Csa2 from Candida albicans—provides insight into how pathogenic fungi extract haem from haemoglobin and transfer it to the cytoplasm, where it serves as a source of iron.
Star-shaped engineered peptide nanoparticles are effective at killing a variety of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative pathogens in vivo with low host toxicity and resistance.
Deep sequencing of samples from patients infected with Ebola virus during the latest West Africa outbreak reveals intra-host single nucleotide variations, including events that modulate the expression of the gene encoding the viral nucleoprotein.