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BMP9 activates signaling through the BMPR-II receptor in endothelial cells and reverses established disease in three animal models of pulmonary hypertension, thus pointing to a potential new treatment for this disease.
Human brown and white preadipocyte clones from neck fat depots have been isolated and used to identify genetic biomarkers that predict their thermogenic capacity.
Ucn3 is released from pancreatic beta cells along with insulin, and it engages a negative feedback loop by promoting somatostatin secretion from delta cells to control further insulin secretion.
Tgf-β1 contributes to fibrosis during chronic injury by abrogating Tnf-directed apoptosis of fibro/adipogenic progenitor cells during muscle regeneration
In the liver there is a fine balance between immune surveillance of blood-borne infections and regulation of immunopathology. A new study identifies a role for granulocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells in limiting T cell–mediated immunopathology in hepatitis B virus infection.
Atherosclerosis is the primary cause of heart attacks and strokes and is caused by a chronic inflammatory response in the coronary and carotid arteries. A new study shows that smooth muscle cells within atherosclerotic plaques can change phenotypes to become macrophage-like cells, thereby revealing the remarkable plasticity of these cells.
Recent news of raids on research budgets illustrates how precarious government funding of scientific research has become. In an era of unprecedented momentum in the development of technologies and therapies for studying and treating disease, opportunities for new discoveries must not be lost due to shortsighted budgetary concerns.
Tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM cells) protect against recurrent or renewed infection in barrier tissues such as skin and mucosa. A new study sheds light on the clonal origin of TRM cells and demonstrates a crucial role for tissue-embedded T cell memory in contact hypersensitivity in skin.
A new study identifies recurrent mutations in the purine biosynthesis gene phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase 1 (PRPS1) in relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). This work highlights the importance of this pathway in the pathogenesis of relapse and suggests an approach to predicting and circumventing resistance in ALL.
Epigenetic inactivation of a Rab GTPase activating protein confers metastatic properties in melanoma, and it correlates with poor prognosis but better sensitivity to therapy by targeting EGFR signaling.
By monitoring ctDNA, the authors reveal the dynamic adaption of clonal populations in colorectal cancer patients treated with anti-EGFR therapy, suggesting that therapeutic re-challenge may have some benefit.
Cyclophilin A, secreted by bone marrow endothelial cells, acts as a chemotactic factor for myeloma cells, which helps explain their homing to the bone marrow and suggests a potential new therapeutic strategy.