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Addiction research has become increasingly focused on how addictive drugs affect neural signaling within the brain's reward circuitry. New work shows that the frustration of not receiving drugs when they are expected can also affect the inner workings of reward circuits.
Heart failure and pathological overgrowth of the heart often occur hand in hand. New data on a biomechanical sensor challenge the viewpoint that cardiac hypertrophy causes heart failure (pages 68–75).
Two new studies suggest that tests based on Cyclin E or microarray analysis have the potential to outperform conventional criteria predicting the outcome of breast cancer.
Agents that block the action of specific cytokines have changed the lives of many patients with rheumatoid arthritis and other autoimmune disorders. But frequent self-injections or injections by a physician during a clinic visit are required. Now a new class of anti-cytokine that may bypass such problems appears on the horizon (pages 47–52).
Post-menopausal women are treated with estrogen-receptor binding compounds during hormone replacement therapy. But new imaging studies in mice hint that the estrogen receptor may be responding primarily to estrogen-independent stimuli in some tissues (pages 82–86).
A nucleolar protein, nucleostemin, is now implicated in the control of stem and cancer cell proliferation. Nucleostemin may modulate p53 function through shuttling between the nucleolus and the nucleoplasm.
