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Type 2 cytokine–producing innate lymphoid cells (ILC2 cells) can respond to interleukins IL-25 and IL-33. Distinct subsets are now recognized as inflammatory ILC2 cells and natural ILC2 cells that differ in their responses to these cytokines.
Regulatory T cells require the phosphatase PTEN to maintain suppressive function in homeostatic conditions through preserved expression of CD25 and the transcription factor Foxp3.
The chemoattractant receptor GPR15 directs the homing of T cells to the colon; however, GRP15 expression differs in the effector and regulatory T cell subsets of humans versus those of mice. These findings have profound implications for the potential targeting of GRP15 for therapeutic intervention.
The identification of a new class of cross-reactive monoclonal antibodies that strongly neutralize all four serotypes of dengue virus has important implications for vaccine design as well as for the evaluation of vaccines and of natural infection with dengue virus.
In this Review, Ueno, Vinuesa and Banchereau discuss the similarities and differences between mouse and human follicular helper T cells (TFH cells) and discuss their role in response to vaccines and in disease pathogenesis.
