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A workshop organized by the Society for Leukocyte Biology offered advice to young scientists on how to decipher the grant-submission process of the US National Institutes of Health and compose a clear, compelling and fundable grant.
Much is known about crystal structures of MHC class II–autoreactive TCRs. Sewell and colleagues provide the structure of an MHC class I–autoreactive TCR and provide insight into the molecular basis of its diabetogenicity.
Lipid-engorged macrophages accumulate in atherosclerotic plaques where chronic inflammation ensues. Moore and colleagues show that macrophage migration to chemokines and egress is arrested by netrin-1, which is secreted in the plaque lesions.
How signals derived from dendritic cells regulate T cell lineage fate remains unclear. Chi and colleagues identify p38α in dendritic cells as a central integrator of instructive signals for TH17 differentiation.
Noncognate CD8+ memory T cells can be rapidly activated by bacteria. Bedoui and colleagues show that this process is specifically dependent on recognition by and activation of the NLRC4 inflammasome.