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The authors show that Nlrp10 can form a functional inflammasome in vitro and ex vivo, and that this inflammasome is protective in dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis in mice.
NLRP10 has been considered as an inflammasome inhibitor. Here the authors show that upon mitochondrial rupture, NLRP10 assembles a canonical inflammasome and is highly expressed in differentiated keratinocytes, possibly supporting skin homeostasis.
Kamiya and colleagues examine the effects of chronic social-defeat stress on the intestinal microbiome and show a pathological role played by dectin-1 and interleukin-17 expressed by gut γδ T cells on this behavioral vulnerability.
γδ T cells contribute to cancer immunity by killing tumor cells, but their function in the context of immune checkpoint inhibition is less clear. Here the authors show that a Vδ2− subset of γδ T cells in human kidney tumors phenotypically resembles exhausted T cells yet retains this cytolytic function and can be used to predict response to immune checkpoint inhibition.
Here the authors show that unlike IL12, IFNγ can induce a T helper 1-like state in regulatory T (Treg) cells during viral infection in mice that suppresses effector T cell responses and memory formation.
Marichal and colleagues use a model of niche depletion and refilling to show that engrafted Ly6C+ classical monocytes proliferate locally in a Csf1 receptor-dependent manner before differentiating into lung interstitial macrophages.
Cheng et al. demonstrate that an extra copy of the X-linked epigenetic regulator UTX in females increases natural killer (NK) cell effector function. As NK cells are critical for antiviral immunity, this may explain decreased severity of viral infections in females compared to males.
Dalod and colleagues utilize a combinatorial genetic reporter strategy to uniquely mark plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) in mice. They utilize these mice to identify bona fide pDCs and functionally characterize before and during viral infection, in comparison to several other DC types.
Several panels of naturally arising antibodies against specific chemokines are closely correlated with various favorable COVID-19 outcomes, raising an opportunity to target the chemokine system for long COVID treatment.
Lo and colleagues provide evidence for the TCR kinetic proofreading model by LAT Gly135Asp alteration to reveal functional consequences of altered kinetics in TCR activation in thymic selection and mature T-cell responses.
Zhang and colleagues perform functional, biochemical and structural analysis of a set of antibodies isolated from COVID-19 convalescents infected with wild-type SARS-CoV-2 during the first wave of the pandemic and show they have broad neutralizing activity against all SARS-CoV-2 variants tested, including omicron.
Robbiani and colleagues show that antibodies against specific chemokines are detected in COVID-19 convalescents and may modulate the inflammatory response and disease outcome.
Here, the authors show that CD8+ T cells egress from tumors via lymphatic vessels in a CXCL12/CXCR4-dependent manner. High-affinity antigen encounter inhibits CXCR4 and increases retention, while no encounter or weak affinity directs T cell exit to limit local tumor control.
