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Changes in land use threaten the stability of carbon in Peru’s peatlands, which store almost as much carbon as the entirety of the above-ground Peruvian carbon stock but in 5% of the land area, according to maps of the extent and depth of peat.
Accounting for experimental data on hydrous peridotites reduces the estimated water recycled into the deep mantle during subduction and suggests sea-level stability over geological time, according to subduction zone thermopetrological modelling.
A modern-like South Asian Monsoon only appeared when East African and Middle Eastern uplift led to the establishment of the Somali Jet around 13 million years ago, according to Earth system modelling using a range of regional palaeogeographies.
The formation of secondary organic aerosol in Chinese megacities is dominated by the condensation of anthropogenic organic vapours, according to measurements across three urbanized regions.
Experiments under simulated hydrothermal conditions suggest that the mineral fluocerite may serve as an intermediate phase that fractionates the rare earth elements in ore-forming systems.
Spontaneous, rapid climate fluctuations occur when atmospheric CO2 is between 190 and 225 ppm, helping explain short-term warm–cool transitions during glacial climate states, according to combined Earth system and dynamical systems model simulations.
Large groups of spawning fish can induce upper ocean mixing on the same scale as geophysical processes, according to observations of small-scale turbulence caused by anchovy spawning aggregations in a coastal upwelling area.
Boulder armouring inhibits small-crater formation on the rubble-pile asteroid Bennu, substantially reducing surface age estimates, according to an analysis of the crater size–frequency distribution.
Very small aerosols from sea spray make up a larger proportion of cloud condensation nuclei than previously recognized, according to an analysis of five years of aerosol ground-based measurement data from over the Atlantic Ocean.
Warm, interglacial CO2 levels increased following the mid-Pleistocene Transition, probably reflecting a step change in the influence of deep-ocean circulation on ice-sheet dynamics, according to a 1.46-million-year-long record of atmospheric CO2 based on plant-wax carbon isotopes.
Expansions of Antarctic Intermediate Water can help explain centennial-scale atmospheric CO2 highs during the last deglaciation, according to a reconstruction of the marine carbonate system in the Southern Ocean.
Metasedimentary rocks atop the downgoing slab oxidize ascending slab-derived dehydration fluids by removing reduced species, according to petrological analysis of subduction complex metasedimentary rocks and reactive transport modelling.
Dryland droughts are prone to self-propagation due to the enhanced soil water stress, according to atmospheric moisture-tracking analysis of recent major droughts around the world.
Recycling of sedimentary phosphorus driven by increasing oceanic sulfide availability contributed to the persistent oxygenation of Earth’s atmosphere, according to analysis of Archean drill-core samples and biogeochemical modelling
The seismic anomaly in the lowermost mantle beneath Africa is greater in height and less stable than its Pacific counterpart because of its lower density, according to numerical simulations of the anomalies as thermochemical piles.
Analysis of interactions between the wheels of the Zhurong rover and the terrain along the rover’s traverse reveals soils with high bearing strength and cohesion.
Formation of a subduction zone in the Neotethys Ocean triggered a cascade of plate tectonic events, according to a plate kinematic model constrained by geomagnetic intensity variations.
Drainage divides between coastal plain channel networks can be constructed through depositional, rather than erosional, processes according to a lidar-based topographic analysis of the Gulf of Mexico coastal plain.