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Discovering that nociceptive sensory neurons express the receptor for anthrax toxin, Yang et al. show that anthrax toxin can induce potent analgesia in mice and facilitate the delivery of potentially analgesic cargo proteins into nociceptive neurons.
The authors measured high-resolution fMRI activity from eight individuals who saw and memorized thousands of annotated natural images over 1 year. This massive dataset enables new paths of inquiry in cognitive neuroscience and artificial intelligence.
Using mouse models of TDP-43 neurodegeneration, this study demonstrates that microglial TREM2 binds TDP-43 and thus mediates its phagocytic clearance. TDP-43 may serve as a possible ligand for microglial TREM2 in TDP-43-related neurodegeneration.
Primates seek opportunities to view novel objects even when these objects have no extrinsic reward value. Ogasawara et al. show that this novelty seeking is regulated by a temporal cortex→zona incerta pathway, rather than by dopamine neurons.
The authors developed AAV capsids for robust transgene expression in the brain with decreased liver targeting after non-invasive administration in mice and marmosets, enabling more targeted systemic gene delivery to the brain.
By solving the complex structures of third-generation antipsychotic drugs (TGAs) with the 5HT2A receptor, Chen et al. unravel their unique pharmacology and design a novel TGA lead that has cognition-improving and potential antidepressant properties.
What you hear influences what you see. The authors show that experience with an audio-visual stimulus reshapes the input from auditory cortex to visual cortex, suppressing predictable visual input to amplify the unpredictable.
In this study, the authors show that VTA DA neurons display heterogeneous responses during interactions with an unfamiliar conspecific. The activity of DA neurons encodes social prediction error and drives social reinforcement learning.
This study shows that Aβ from transgenic host tissue is able to enter and deposit within wild-type grafts via microglia, thus identifying microglia as carriers of Aβ deposition into previously unaffected brain tissue.
Despite their discovery in the 19th century, the islands of Calleja, clusters of densely packed granule cells in the ventral striatum, remain enigmatic. This study reveals that islands of Calleja neurons are critical for grooming control in mice.
GnRH neurons control their own connectivity and function as well as the sexual maturation of the individual by using prostaglandin D2 DP1 signaling to recruit and stably associate with newborn astrocytes in the preoptic region during infancy in rodents.
By comparing human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived spinal and ocular motor neurons, the authors identify low levels of a natural 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) spinal motor neurons. Functional analogs of 5-lipoxygenase inhibitors can ameliorate in vitro and in vivo ALS phenotypes.
Zhang et al. show that astrocytes develop responses to fear-conditioned auditory stimuli mediated by α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) and that astrocytic α7-nAChRs in the auditory cortex are required for memory persistence and retrieval.
The authors show that retinotopically organized feedback from the primary visual cortex sharpens receptive fields and contributes to surround suppression in mouse visual thalamus, probably by recruiting inhibition through the thalamic reticular nucleus.
Beam et al. created a data-driven mapping of human brain function, drawing on full texts and coordinate data reported in neuroimaging studies. This validated framework outperformed leading and widely used knowledge frameworks, namely Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM).
Viewing behavior is a key variable of interest but also a confound in fMRI studies. This paper presents a deep learning framework to decode gaze position from the magnetic resonance signal of the eyeballs, which enables eye tracking in fMRI data without a camera.
The authors detail principles underlying the innervation of spinal and striatal circuits by populations of corticospinal neurons, and characterize the behavioral information broadcast through this motor control network.
The authors profile interneuron origin and molecular diversity in the human fetal brain by single-cell RNA sequencing and in situ sequencing and reveal the logic and complexity of specification of diverse interneurons in humans.
Magen et al. discovered new miRNA-based biomarkers in the blood of patients with ALS. miR-181 levels alone or in combination with an established protein biomarker predict ALS severity and prognosis and might enhance the power of clinical trials.
This study shows that visual areas pass information to the amodal semantic system through semantically selective channels aligned at the border of visual cortex. This architecture might support the integration of visual perception and semantic memory.