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By comparing neural responses to diverse visual stimuli measured with a standardized two-photon imaging pipeline, the authors reveal response specializations within the mouse visual cortex.
Grubman et al. generated a single-cell transcriptomic atlas of the entorhinal cortex from patients with Alzheimer’s disease and identified transcription factor networks predicted to control disease progression in a cell-subtype-specific way.
Sankowski et al. have combined high-throughput techniques to characterize human microglia, identifying a spectrum of microglia phenotypes that are determined by localization, aging and glioblastoma.
Munji et al. analyzed the transcriptomes of endothelial cells from multiple organs and in neural tissue of neurological disease models. They identified a blood–brain barrier dysfunction module in seizure, multiple sclerosis, stroke and brain trauma.
This manuscript describes the systematic investigation of epigenomic signatures discriminating between regenerative success and failure in dorsal root ganglia sensory neurons following axonal injury. This epigenomic map offers a tool to design novel approaches for neuronal repair.
Dube et al. generated an atlas of human brain circular RNA (circRNA) expression in individuals with and without Alzheimer disease (AD). They demonstrated circRNA expression correlates with AD severity, even before substantial clinical symptom onset.
A single-cell transcriptomic atlas of the aging mouse brain reveals coordinated and cell-type-specific aging signatures across multiple cell populations. Catalogs of aging-related genes, pathways and ligand–receptor interactions are reported.
This work describes comprehensive transcriptomic sequencing from murine thalamic pathways. By integrating this molecular information with anatomical and functional features, this study reveals a repeated architecture across thalamocortical systems.
Multi-omic analyses of transcriptional, chromatin occupancy and chromatin interaction dynamics in hippocampal excitatory neurons of adult mice upon activation by status epilepticus or novel context exploration reveals short- and long-lasting changes.
The authors leverage extensive RNA sequencing data from postmortem brains of controls and individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) to identify altered patterns of allele specific gene expression.
Furlanis, Traunmüller et al. uncover hundreds of alternative splicing events that distinguish neuronal cell classes. Splice isoforms primarily encode synaptic and intrinsic neuronal properties. Data are available online in the SpliceCode database.
Sun et al. built a comprehensive atlas of inputs to major types of GABAergic interneurons in the prefrontal cortex of mice. Through three-dimensional reconstruction of neural morphology, the authors classified input neurons and identified novel neural circuits.
Targeting genes to specific cell types is valuable for basic science and gene therapy. The authors describe a collection of AAVs containing synthetic promoters targeting a broad range of neuronal cell types in mice, non-human primates and humans.
Using a large task battery spanning motor, cognitive, social and affective domains, this functional MRI (fMRI) study provides a comprehensive functional map of the human cerebellum, along with a comparison to maps derived from anatomy and resting-state fMRI data.
Gouwens et al. established a morpho-electrical taxonomy of cell types for the mouse visual cortex via unsupervised clustering analysis of multiple quantitative features from 1,938 neurons available online at the Allen Cell Types Database.
Van Hove et al. reveal the diversity of macrophages at the brain’s border regions via single-cell analysis and fate-mapping. This also identified a microglial subset at the surface of the choroid plexus, in direct contact with cerebrospinal fluid.
The connectivity of a cortical region is instrumental to its function. The authors generated brain-wide maps of the afferent input to four distinct cell types in the mPFC to reveal the structural architecture that underlies the mPFC’s functions.
The lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) regulates fundamental aspects of innate behavior. However, the circuit-level underpinnings of LHA function are poorly understood given its cellular heterogeneity. Here, Mickelsen et al. employ a single-cell RNA-sequencing approach to classify molecularly distinct cell types in the mouse LHA.
An extensive profile of DNA methylation in neuronal and non-neuronal cells across four brain regions is reported, showing that differential epigenetic marks are enriched for DNA variants associated with neuropsychiatric traits.