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A method for parameterizing electrophysiological neural power spectra into periodic and aperiodic components is introduced, addressing limitations of common approaches. The method is validated in simulation and demonstrated on real data applications.
The authors present an edge-centric model of brain connectivity. Edge networks are stable across datasets, and their structure can be modulated by sensory input. When clustered, edge networks yield pervasively overlapping functional modules.
Kuan, Phelps, et al. used synchrotron X-ray imaging and deep learning to map dense neuronal wiring in fly and mouse tissue, enabling examination of individual cells and connectivity in circuits governing motor control and perceptual decision-making.
This study describes a series of new gene-regulatory sequences that restrict expression of viral transgenes to specific interneuron subtypes, allowing for selective monitoring and manipulation of their activity from mice to humans.
Garcia-Marques et al. present CLADES, an innovative approach to study neuronal lineages based on CRISPR. Inspired by synthetic biology, CLADES relies on a system of genetic switches to activate and inactivate reporter genes in a predetermined order.
SPARC is an all-genetic toolkit to express effectors in precise proportions of neurons. This method enables imaging of individual neurons and manipulation of neuronal subpopulations.
Deschloroclozapine (DCZ) is a broadly useful chemogenetic agonist for studies using nonhuman primates and mice. DCZ rapidly and reversibly activates DREADDs, and its binding can be visualized noninvasively by positron emission tomography.
Makin and colleagues decode speech from neural signals recorded during a preoperative procedure, using an algorithm inspired by machine translation. For one participant reading from a closed set of 50 sentences, decoding accuracy is nearly perfect.
Sey et al. report a computational tool, H-MAGMA, that extracts neurobiological insights from brain-disorder GWAS by linking risk variants to their cognate genes using chromatin interaction profiles from human brain tissue.
A chemogenetic approach was developed for cell-type-specific drug-inducible protein synthesis inhibition in mice. It was used to show that consolidation of long-term aversive memories requires rapid neuronal protein synthesis in the amygdala.
Human stem cell-derived microglia integrate into mouse brain, displaying transcriptome signatures of microglia directly isolated from human brain and providing a chimeric model to study human-specific aspects of Alzheimer’s disease and other brain diseases.
An event-based machine learning model developed to detect fluorescent astrocytic activity and neurotransmitter dynamics enables new and accurate approaches to quantifying physiology in brain slices and in vivo.
Fecher et al. devise an approach to isolate cell-type-specific mitochondria from the mouse CNS. They demonstrate proteomic diversity of cerebellar mitochondria covering bioenergetics, calcium handling and organelle contact sites.
A peroxidase-based labeling method allows simultaneous visualization of multiple cell types using electron microscopy without the need for spectral separation, enabling identification of synapses between genetically defined neuronal populations.
A modified brain-organoid culture generates extensive axon outgrowth with specific tract-like patterns. Organoid tracts connect neurons across distant sites and can innervate and stimulate co-cultured mouse spinal cord tissue to elicit muscle contractions.
The authors generate 3D brain organoids containing oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, and neurons derived from human pluripotent stem cells. These human oligodendrocytes are transcriptionally similar to primary cells and mature to myelinate axons.
Inhibitory interneurons shape neuronal activity of cortical principal neurons. Yetman et al. developed a genetic strategy to elucidate the organization of inhibitory neuron subtypes sending inputs to principal neurons.
A nanobody-based immunolabeling method, vDISCO, boosts the signal of fluorescent proteins and allows imaging of subcellular details in intact transparent mice. It uncovers neuronal projections and skull–meninges connections in whole adult mice.
Using a deep learning approach to track user-defined body parts during various behaviors across multiple species, the authors show that their toolbox, called DeepLabCut, can achieve human accuracy with only a few hundred frames of training data.