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DNA double-strand breaks in ribosomal DNA repeats is associated with repression of ribosomal RNA synthesis. Here the authors reveal a cooperation between TOPBP1 and Treacle in the signaling cascade that triggers transcriptional inhibition and nucleolar segregation in response to rDNA breaks.
Diabetic eye disease is a cause of preventable blindness and accurate and timely referral of patients with diabetic macular edema is important to start treatment. Here the authors present a deep learning model that can predict the presence of diabetic macular edema from color fundus photographs with superior specificity and positive predictive value compared to retinal specialists.
Detection of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) biomarkers from patients’ blood is challenging because these are present in very low concentrations in the plasma. Here the authors develop a sensor array of densely aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes for clinically accurate detection of femtomolar AD biomarkers in human plasma samples.
Synthesis of a polymer composed of a large discrete number of chemically distinct monomers in an absolutely defined aperiodic sequence remains a challenge in polymer chemistry. Here the authors show copolymers of α-hydroxy acids, poly(phenyllactic-co-lactic acid), built via a cross-convergent method of four dyads of monomers.
Spin caloritronics offers advantages for the thermal management of spintronic devices. Here, the authors demonstrate that the direction of heat currents generated by spin-caloritronic phenomena can be changed by illuminating magnetic materials with visible light.
The cellular composition of previous engineered heart tissue is often heterogeneous. Here, the authors create chamber-specific human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes to form both ventricular and atrial cells before embedding in collagen-based matrix to form ring-shaped engineered heart tissue.
M. tuberculosis NAD+ synthetase (tbNadE) is of interest as a drug target. Here the authors present the actively trapped Homo sapiens NAD+ synthetase (hsNadE) and tbNadE structures and show key differences in the synthetase active site and in structural elements possibly involved in the allosteric regulation of catalysis to be leveraged for the development of M. tuberculosis selective inhibitors.
Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) are being evaluated for HIV post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) in the setting of vertical transmission. Here, using a macaque model of perinatal SHIV infection, the authors show that PEP for infant macaques within 30–48 h of SHIV exposure is highly effective using either bNAbs or ART.
Myelofibrosis is a myeloproliferative neoplasm. Here, the authors show the clonal evolution of myelofibrosis during JAK inhibitor therapy, revealing how the treatment results in an increase in clonal complexity and a gain of RAS pathway mutations.
Fungal community assembly on crop plants is thought to be driven by deterministic selection exerted by the host. Here Gao et al. use a sorghum system to show that stochastic forces act on fungal community assembly in leaves and roots early in host development and when sorghum is drought stressed.
Seismology is a powerful tool to investigate Earth’s interior. Here, the authors combine numerical approaches with experimental results from previous studies to show a depth dependent behaviour of seismic waves in subducted oceanic crust in Earth’s mantle. The work challenges the currently accepted model of depth-independent seismic wave behaviour in oceanic crust.
Though literature reports models describing triplet energy transfer between inorganic semiconductors and organic molecules, a unified mechanism for this process is still lacking. Here, the authors report triplet energy transfer mechanism at lead halide perovskite nanocrystal/polyacene interfaces.
The architectural protein CTCF is a mediator of chromatin conformation, but how CTCF binding to DNA is regulated remains poorly understood. Here the authors find that there is a shared subset of CTCF-bound sites resistant to protein depletion in different cell lines, which are enriched at domain boundaries and chromatin loops constitutive to all cell types.
Enriching the chemical space of polycyclic heterocycles is of high value in chemical biology. Here, the authors report an electrooxidative protocol for the regioselective dearomative annulation of indoles and benzofurans under undivided cell conditions and obtain five- to eight-membered fused heterocycles.
Electrochemical CO2 reduction is a potential route to the sustainable production of valuable fuels and chemicals. In this joint experimental-theoretical work, the authors address the issue of the rate-limiting step on Gold and present insights from multi-scale simulations into the importance of the electric double layer on reaction kinetics and mass transport.
Traditional ratiometric temperature monitoring is challenging due to the variation in tissue absorption and scattering of different wavelengths. Here, the authors show improved accuracy by using emission at the same wavelength, but different luminescent lifetimes decoded by a time-resolved technique.
Low-cost flow batteries with high power density are promising for energy storage, but membranes with simultaneously high ion conductivity and selectivity should be developed. Here the authors report a thin-film composite membrane that breaks the trade-off between ion conductivity and selectivity.
Here, the authors established and characterized the mouse gut microbial biobank (mGMB), which includes 244 strains and 126 species that enlarges previous mouse intestinal bacterial collections and represents a resource for studies using mouse models to investigate microbiome-associated health and disease.
The role of impaired lung function in lung cancer etiology is complex due to the relation of cigarette smoking to both conditions. Here, supported by Mendelian randomization analysis the authors find a link between pulmonary function impairment and lung cancer risk beyond smoking, implicating immune-related pathways
Performing homo-FRET measurements in cells using a fluorescence microscope is challenging, especially when using high numerical aperture objective lenses. Here the authors present a method for improved homo-FRET measurements based on anisotropy changes in photoswitchable fluorescent proteins.