Research articles

This study demonstrates that future whole-soil warming has a much stronger effect on soil carbon emission in the alpine grassland ecosystem than what is estimated by previous warming experiments which only warm surface soils mostly.

PARP inhibitors (PARPi) have been approved for the treatment of metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (BC), however resistance and recurrence are often observed. Here, in preclinical models of BRCA1/2 wild type and homologous recombination competent BC, the authors show that C5aR1-positive tumor associated macrophages are associated with PARPi-resistance, suggesting targeting C5aR1 as a therapeutic option.

Maize demand in Sub-Saharan Africa is expected to increase. Here, the authors use data collected by One Acre Fund on 14,773 smallholder fields in the region and determine that maize production can be increased with minimal cropland expansion by improving management practices.

Intermittency is the behavior of extreme fluctuations observed in the flow of a fluid that is often associated with high Reynolds numbers. Here, the authors report intermittency in elastic turbulence at the low Reynolds number and high Deborah number limit.

Titin N2B unique sequence (N2B-us) is a 572 amino acid sequence that acts as an elastic spring to regulate muscle passive elasticity. Here the authors identify a mechanosensitive structural domain within the titin (N2B-us), and a force-dependent interaction between (N2B-us) and the protein FHL2.

The structure of the Golgi and the localization of glycosylation enzymes remain largely elusive. Here, the authors use super-resolution microscopy to show that the Golgi is composed of small dynamic units which have rapidly moving zones of glycosylation enzymes.

Here, Kessler et al use single-cell RNA sequencing of the intestine and mesentery from H18N11 influenza-infected bats to show that viral infection is predominant in leukocytes and causes activation of immune cells and antiviral gene signatures.

The neural mechanisms setting the lower limit of conscious visual perception in humans is not fully understood. Here the authors show by correlating human vision experiments and non-human primate retina recordings that primates rely on the retinal ON pathway in perception of the dimmest light increments, and that nonlinear thresholding in this pathway eliminates single photons and neural noise thereby allowing perception of minute differences in light intensity.

Recycling strategies for mixed plastics and textile blends currently aim for recycling only one of the components. Here the authors demonstrate a water coupling strategy to co-hydrolyze polyester/cotton textile blends into polymer monomers and platform chemicals.

Zero to ultralow-field NMR provides chemical information in the absence of a high magnetic field but it is difficult to measure molecules with quadrupolar nuclei due to their fast relaxation. This study examines zero-field J-spectra from isotopologues of ammonium cations, with quadrupolar nuclei, revealing the presence of a primary isotope effect of −58 mHz.

In this study, the authors employ metagenomics to explore the impact of environmental pollution on the human gut microbiome using samples from a cohort living in a very polluted area in Southern Italy, showing that pollutants degradation genes are more abundant in subjects with higher blood levels of those specific xenobiotics.

Here the authors isolate two human antibodies, H7.HK1 and H7.HK2, that achieve broad and potent neutralization against H7N9 influenza by targeting a distinct lateral patch on the hemagglutinin head, thus making them favorable to complement other antibodies for combination therapy.

Bacterial-fungal interactions can stimulate the production of specialised microbial metabolites. Here, Richter et al. use co-culture experimental evolution to show that the presence of a fungus selects for increased surfactin production in the bacterium Bacillus subtilis, which inhibits fungal growth and facilitates the competitive success of the bacterium.

This study revealed an NF-YB1-SLRL2-bHLH144 regulatory module, centered on a key transcription factor SLRL2, that mediates the ABA-regulated amylose content in rice. Furthermore, SLRL2 is also involved in the regulation of rice dormancy

The researchers present an image sensor that allows every pixel to have independent exposure. It can sample a cell ROI’s fast fluorescence activity with long exposures at different phases, enhancing SNR and temporal resolution for capturing high-speed events.

Type I IFN is vital for antiviral defense. Here, the authors use TurboID-based proximity labeling to comprehensively map the protein landscapes surrounding core IFN signaling members. Among factors uncovered, PJA2 emerged as a negative regulator of IFN signaling that ubiquitinates the Janus kinases.

Urothelial cancer is a challenging disease and an emerging field for targeted therapies. Here, the authors optimize clinical proteomics to provide proteome-level data on tumor specificity and identify robust prognostic subtypes with predictive information for repurposed drug candidates.

Zhao P.J. and his colleagues uncover spatial directionality of urban mobility by using new metrics of anisotropy and centripetality. They find monocentric cities have longer commutes with city expansion, while polycentric cities maintain consistent commuting patterns.

Species-rich communities tend to be less vulnerable to species invasions, but whether this is maintained under environmental stress is unclear. This meta-analysis shows that the positive effect of biodiversity on resistance to invasion in grassland plant communities is reduced by drought but increased by warming and multiple global change factors.

The researchers showcase a silicon-photonics-based analog approach for large-scale image processing that can be deployed for high-speed image compression and de-noising using an auto-encoder framework with minimal power consumption.