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Neuronal remodeling is critical for neuronal function. Here, the authors report that motor neurons use membrane blebbing coupled to muscle contraction as a mechanism for synaptic bouton formation, suggesting that mechanical force plays a key role in neuronal remodeling.
TRIM5α is known to restrict HIV-1 reverse transcription. Here, Ran et al. report that TRIM5α recruits HDAC1 to NF-κB p50, Sp1, and HIV-1 LTR, and promotes H3K9 deacetylation at the HIV-1 LTR, leading to TNFα-induced HIV-1 LTR-driven expression.
South Asia is home to almost 2 billion people but is extremely underrepresented in human genetics. This study uses genomes from ~5,000 South Asians to characterize genetic variation and help facilitate future South Asian genetic studies.
Incorporating bioorthogonally-modified amino acids into newly synthesized proteins allows studying the nascent proteome, but current methods often require special conditions or are toxic to cells. Here, the authors develop a method that uses β-ethynylserine to label nascent proteins under standard conditions without harming cells.
Active targeting and cytosolic delivery of therapeutic payloads are challenging in small extracellular vesicle-based drug delivery systems. Here, the authors engineer fusogen and targeting moiety co-functionalized cell-derived nanovesicles, which can selectively bind to target cells and efficiently fulfill cytosolic delivery through membrane fusion.
Surface modification using organic molecules is crucial for tailoring the physicochemical properties of electrocatalysts. In this study, we employ atomically precise Au25 nanoclusters with different ligands to identify the ligand effect on switching rate-limiting steps of oxygen evolution reaction.
Allylic substitution reactions have emerged as a powerful tool for the construction of C − C/X bonds. Here, the authors develop a migratory strategy of allylic arylation under the catalysis of nickel and lanthanide triflate.
The use of silicon for integrated quantum photonic technologies is currently hindered by the lack of suitable on-demand quantum light sources. Here, the authors fill this gap by demonstrating the creation of single atomic emissive centers in silicon and their efficient coupling with nanophotonic cavities.
Ketone α-alkylation at the more hindered site is challenging. Here, the authors report a highly regioselective nickel-catalysed allylic alkylation of unsymmetrical ketones at the more-hindered α-site with allylic alcohols.
Spatial and intracellular control of three Argonaute proteins is crucial for anther development in rice. Two, AGO1b and AGO1d, may carry 1st uracil–phasiRNAs as mobile signals from the somatic cell layers to the germ cells in the anther.
Whether or not deep neural networks require hierarchical representations to predict brain activity is not known. Here, the authors show that a multi-branch deep neural network can predict neural activity independently in visual areas in the absence of hierarchical representations.
Lactobacillus-based probiotics have been reported to be beneficial for colitis through incompletely understood mechanisms. Here the authors identify an uncharacterized secreted enzyme named LPH from multiple probiotic Lactobacillus strains, which protects female mice from chemically induced colitis and colorectal cancer via NOD2 signalling.
The authors present a moving-parts-free approach for visualizing soliton motion in optical cavities that lifts the wavelength and speed constraints of contemporary pulsed laser diagnostic techniques.
The authors theoretically predict a superconducting diode effect in chiral nanotubes when a magnetic field is applied along the axis of the tube, where the diode efficiency is controlled by nanotube diameter and chiral angle. They further predict a non-reciprocal paraconductivity slightly above the superconducting transition temperature.
Ragonnet-Cronin et al scanned SARS-CoV-2 genomes from >12,000 treated patients, identifying nine treatment-emergent mutations that increased in frequency after treatment with antibodies. In the laboratory, synthetic viruses harbouring those mutations escaped the antibodies, suggesting the mutations are driven by immune evasion.