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Animal gut microbiomes are fairly stable over time despite large daily fluctuations in diet and introductions of environmental bacteria. Here the authors report that fruit flies maintain the stability of their microbiome in part through a physical niche in the esophagus.
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) may have unanticipated side effects in transplant recipients who subsequently develop tumors. Here the authors used single-cell sequencing to identify and characterize allogeneic reactive T cells that developed after an ICI course for melanoma in a transplant recipient.
Pan-genomes provide useful resources for evolutionary studies, functional genomics and breeding of cultivated plants. Here, the authors report a new rice pan-genome including 73 Asian rice and two wild relatives (Oryza rufipogon and O. punctata), and reveal the prevalence and scale of large inversions across the pan-genome.
Schwannomas are mainly caused by NF2 tumour suppressor inactivation, but they display intratumoural heterogeneity. Here the authors show that this heterogeneity is caused by the loss of polarity and acquisition of different programmes of ErbB ligand production in NF2-mutant Schwann cells.
A more equitable global distribution of vaccines can benefit the world, while a multilateral benefit-sharing instrument needs to be developed to remove some of the disincentives for early equitable vaccines distribution globally.
TRIM72 oligomerization via intermolecular disulfide bonds is important for cells to repair damaged membranes. Here, authors report the crystal structure of TRIM72 dimer and show that TRIM72 B-box dimerization facilitates TRIM72 oligomerization.
The authors present BARASA, an approach to assign backbone triple resonance spectra of proteins that augments traditional approaches with a Bayesian statistical analysis of the observed chemical shifts. The algorithm employs a simulated annealing engine to establish a consensus set of resonance assignments and is tested against systems ranging in size to over 450 amino acids including examples of intrinsically disordered proteins.
Many properties of human primary visual cortex (V1) are ‘adult-like’ by childhood. Here, using fMRI, the authors show that V1 of children and adults differentially sample the visual field, indicating a late-stage change in cortical organization.
Visualization of large complex networks is challenging with limitations for the network size and depicting specific structures. The authors propose a Graph Neural Network based algorithm with improved speed and the quality of graph layouts, which allows for fast and informative visualization of large networks.
The prefrontal cortex is involved in cocaine abuse disorders. Here, the authors show that cocaine suppresses frontal association cortex (FrA) in awake mice and induces locomotor sensitization through a dopamine dependent VTA-vmPFC-FrA pathway.
A big challenge for artificial intelligence is to gain the ability of learning by experience like biological systems. Here Bianchi et al. propose a hardware neural network based on resistive-switching synaptic arrays which dynamically adapt to the environment for autonomous exploration.
Furfural is an important platform chemical for the synthesis of next-generation bio-fuels. Here the authors report a novel heterogeneous catalyst, Pd-PdO/ZnSO4, for the mass production of furfural from catalytic flash pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomasses.
Ion mobility is used in mass spectrometers for structure analysis of biomolecules. Here, the authors show that ion mobility analysis in an ion trap under ultra-high fields enables isomer separation at resolutions over 10,000, wich they demonstrate for isomers of disaccharides, phospholipids, and peptides.
Kumar and colleagues report cryo-EM structures of ArabidopsisO-fucosyltransferase SPINDLY in its apo and GDP-fucose bound states, revealing distinct active-site features enabling GDP-fucose recognition and surprisingly dynamic conformations that regulate its enzymatic activity.
Antibodies directed against DNA in systemic lupus erythematosus are functionally diverse. This study demonstrates that DNAse1L3 is the primary target of a subset of autoantibodies previously considered specific for double-stranded DNA.
Faults responsible for the 2019 M7.1 Ridgecrest, California earthquake likely evolved through reactivation of pre-existing Independence dike swarm structures. The inherited rupture geometry strongly controlled the earthquake slip distribution.
Drosophila larvae may benefit each other at lower densities but compete at higher densities. Here, Verschut et al. identify a mechanism enabling Drosophila females to favor egg-laying sites containing medium concentrations of aggregation pheromones, which may facilitate choice of favorable sites.
Resolving the stoichiometry of membrane protein interactions is challenging but is vital to understand cell signalling. Using lipid-bound DNA receptors as a model for membrane proteins, the authors present a platform to achieve stoichiometric, spatial and temporal control over their interactions.
Despite their high brightness and long-lived emission, lanthanide based circularly polarised luminophores have not been fully exploited for real-life application. Here, the authors present an all solid-state circularly polarised luminescence camera to facilitate ad hoc time-resolved enantioselective differential chiral contrast-based one-shot photography that can be applied in life and material sciences.
Sensitive and accurate approaches for protein detection have many potential applications. Here the authors show how engineered protein nanopore sensors, consisting of a monobody fused to a single-polypeptide nanopore, can be used for highly specific detection of proteins in complex biofluids.