Outlook

Cell therapy could cure type 1 diabetes — if only the immune system didn't get in the way.

Stem-cell therapy promises to restore motor function after a stroke or spinal-cord injury, but neurologists are proceeding with caution.

Adult stem cells have become a regulatory battleground as clinicians, scientists and ethicists debate whether the road to the clinic should be shorter.

Multiple sclerosis often strikes between the ages of 20 and 40, when people are entering the workforce and raising families.

Dietary changes may be able to alleviate the symptoms of multiple sclerosis, but testing the effects of diet will need a different protocol to the one used for drugs.

It is time for a bolder approach to developing drugs for progressive multiple sclerosis, says Bibi Bielekova.

Could a high-risk treatment play a part in tackling multiple sclerosis?

New drugs are beginning to show promise for people with one of the less common, and harder to treat, forms of multiple sclerosis.

Emerging evidence points to a viral infection, low levels of vitamin D and genetics as culprits in multiple sclerosis, but how they combine to cause the disease is unclear.

The characteristic brain pathology and motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease are well established. But the details of the disease's cause and course are much murkier.

Deep brain stimulation is a proven treatment for Parkinson's disease. The only thing left to find out is how it works.

By bootstrapping existing technologies, researchers can gain a minute-by-minute understanding of a patient's disease.

In the 200 years since Parkinson's disease was first described, the understanding and management of the disease has come a long way. But researchers have yet to unlock all of its secrets. By Liam Drew.

Biomarkers will be essential if research on Parkinson's is to progress, but their discovery depends on scientists sharing data, says Mark Frasier.

Non-motor symptoms such as sleep disorders and a poor sense of smell may hold the key to diagnosing Parkinson's disease before the characteristic tremor starts.

A controversial theory that could revolutionize our understanding of Parkinson's disease is gaining ground. But not everybody is convinced that misfolded proteins that spread in the brain are the cause of the disease.

Scientists have theories about dark matter and dark energy — and some observations — but both are poorly understood. Here are four of their biggest questions.

Astronomy is entering an era in which gravitational waves and neutrinos will be used to complement existing techniques and to uncover the hidden features of our Universe.