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Selective impairment of peripheral regulatory T-cell differentiation is found to result in spontaneous allergic TH2-type inflammation in the intestine and lungs, demonstrating the functional heterogeneity of regulatory T cells generated in the thymus and extrathymically in controlling immune mediated inflammation and disease.
The search for DNA homology is vital to recombinational DNA repair and occurs by intersegment contact sampling wherein the three-dimensional conformational state of the double-stranded DNA target and the length of the homologous RecA–single-stranded DNA filament have important roles.
The earliest stages of tumorigenesis are mimicked in a three-dimensional model of mammary epithelial cells, showing that oncogenes that can promote cell translocation can also drive clonal outgrowth.
In human lymphoblastoid cell lines, 8,902 loci were identified at which genetic variation is significantly associated with local DNase I sensitivity; these variants are responsible for a large fraction of expression quantitative trait loci.
Brassinosteroid inhibits stomatal development by alleviating GSK3-mediated inhibition of a MAPK module, revealing a link between a plant MAPKKK and its upstream regulators, and between brassinosteroid and a specific developmental output.
Direct binding of Rtt106 to H3K56-acetylated (H3–H4)2 histone tetramers contributes to nucleosome assembly with implications for DNA replication, gene silencing and maintenance of genomic stability.
A controlled-controlled NOT, or Toffoli, gate is used to develop a fast, high-fidelity, three-qubit error correction protocol with the potential to correct arbitrary single-qubit errors.
In embryonic stem cells, the histone demethylase LSD1 occupies the enhancers of active genes and, together with the NuRD complex, decommissions the enhancers during differentiation.
By coupling a high-power, high-repetition-rate near-infrared frequency comb to a femtosecond optical cavity, a frequency comb operating in the extreme-ultraviolet spectral range has been produced, by high harmonic generation, and provides high-resolution spectroscopy in this spectral region.
Spider web deformation simulations, theory and experiments reveal how the nonlinear response of spider silk to strain and the discrete geometry of a web contribute to its robustness, integrity and performance.
A study of pre-eruptive magmatic processes at a caldera volcano shows that, although such a volcano may have been dormant for a long period, its magma reserves may be replenished in a comparatively very short time and it may move rapidly from a quiescent state to one on the verge of eruption.
Colour sidedness in cattle breeds is reported to be determined by two alleles, created as a result of a serial translocation involving circular intermediates.
Determination of the crystal structure of the human A2A adenosine receptor in complex with an inverse-agonist antibody shows that the allosteric site of the receptor inhibits agonist binding and that the antibody locks the receptor in an inactive conformation.
Structures of the amino-terminal region of inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor 1 with and without InsP3 bound reveal two discrete interfaces between the InsP3-binding core and suppressor domain that are similar to and functionally interchangeable with those in the equivalent domains of ryanodine receptor 1.
Inhibition of activated BRAF has been ineffective in colon cancers with the mutation; here, this is shown to be due to the feedback activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in response to BRAF inhibition.
Experimental simulations of galaxy-forming conditions using lasers show that the Biermann battery generates seed magnetic fields, which turbulence can amplify to affect galaxy evolution.