Figure 9 - Temporal relationship of UES pressure, opening and CP EMG during 4-mL barium swallow relative to hyoid movement.

The start and end of hyoid movement are indicated by vertical lines where the shaded areas indicate standard error (SE). Horizontal bars depict mean + SE onset and offset of measured variables relative to start of hyoid movement. Green bars depict data from noninstrumented dogs (n = 8), and blue bars depict data from instrumented dogs (n = 6). Note the electrode implantation significantly delayed time of UES closure. There is approximately a 100-ms difference between CP relaxation, UES relaxation, and UES opening. (Source: Lang et al.,¹ with permission of the American Physiological Society.)