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Clusmann et al. describe how large language models such as ChatGPT could be used in medical practice, research and education. These models could democratize medical knowledge and facilitate access to healthcare, but there are also potential limitations to be considered.
Hierink et al. assess primary healthcare access in Somali region in Ethiopia using a mixed geospatial analysis. Findings indicate low accessibility (65% lack health center access within 1 h walk), lengthy referral times, and insufficient healthcare worker density; recommendations include upgrading facilities and improving outreach strategies.
Shadbahr et al. highlight the importance of evaluating imputation quality when building classification models for incomplete data. They demonstrate how a model built on poorly imputed data can compromise the classifier, and develop a new method for assessing imputation quality based on how well the overall data distribution is preserved.
Jacobsen, Sherr et al. evaluate the utility of novel technologies in the treatment of type 1 diabetes. Their systematic review finds technologies such as continuous glucose monitoring, insulin pumps, and decision support tools improve important measures (e.g., HbA1c, time in range, quality of life) allowing precision-directed uptake of technology.
Misra, Wagner et al. systematically review if strategies to subclassify type 2 diabetes (T2D) are associated with high quality evidence and patient outcomes. Cluster-based stratification yields T2D subtypes that associate with outcomes, suggesting subclassification could have future clinical use.
Bodhini et al. systematically review the evidence on sociodemographic, clinical, behavioral, and molecular factors that modify the effect of interventions for type 2 diabetes prevention. The certainty of evidence that such factors modify the effectiveness of lifestyle and behavioral interventions is low to very low.
Semple et al. review the literature to assess the effects of pharmacologic or surgical interventions in monogenic insulin resistance when stratified by genotype. The evidence guiding genotype-specific treatment of monogenic insulin resistance is of low to very low quality, but suggestive of benefits of metreleptin, thiazolidinediones, and rhIGF-1.
Young, McInnes, Massey et al. systematically review published studies evaluating features associated with heterogenous treatment effects for SGLT2-inhibitor and GLP1-receptor agonist therapies in people with type 2 diabetes. They find limited current evidence on treatment effect heterogeneity, for glycaemic, cardiovascular and renal outcomes.
Lim et al. perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify participant characteristics associated with response to gestational diabetes prevention. Characteristics such as BMI, polycystic ovary syndrome and being in the preconception phase could determine responses to certain preventive interventions.
Benham, Gingras, McLennan, Most, Yamamoto, Aiken et al. conduct two systematic reviews and meta-analyses to evaluate whether a precision-based medicine approach can be adopted to improve the clinical management of gestational diabetes (GDM). They find some precision markers that may improve the treatment course of GDM but further research is needed.
Felton et al. conducted a systematic review to evaluate studies testing disease-modifying therapies and features linked to treatment response for type 1 diabetes prevention. While the quality of prevention and intervention trials is found to be high, precision analyses on factors associated with treatment response are of poorer quality.
Murphy, Kevin, Pollin et al. perform a systematic review of the evidence on the criteria used to select individuals with diabetes for genetic testing and of the evidence for the optimal methods for variant detection in genes involved in monogenic diabetes. Based on the findings the authors make recommendations and highlight challenges for the field.
Wen et al. investigate associations between intestinal disturbances and mortality in children hospitalized with complicated severe malnutrition. Differences are seen in the fecal metabolome of children who die compared with those who are discharged, with integrative analyses suggesting an indirect role for intestinal inflammation in mortality.
Ali Shah, Seol et al. use a radiofrequency conductor balloon catheter and an injectable bronchial electrode based on a medical grade liquid metal in a bronchoscopy-guided no-touch radiofrequency ablation procedure in porcine lungs. This approach successfully treats porcine pulmonary nodules.
Miller, Hernandez et al. demonstrate a modest genetic contribution to neurodevelopmental and growth outcomes in single ventricle heart disease, and a markedly synergistic effect of genetic, demographic, and clinical variables. This shows the importance of quantifying the impact of genomic variants in the context of conditionally dependent variables.
Chai, Chu, Hu et al. investigate lung cancer risk following exposure to flupentixol or any antipsychotics. They find a reduced risk of lung cancer in patients with more than one year of exposure to flupentixol or any antipsychotics.
Parks et al. find that higher temperatures are associated with increased hospital visits for alcohol- and substance-related disorders in New York State. This suggests that rising temperatures due to climate change may impact the burden of mental health-related conditions.
Agbani et al. compare proteolysis in healthy and Montreal Platelet Syndrome Kindred with VWF p.V1316M mutation (2B-VWDMPS) platelets and identify processing differences in VWF, fibronectin and Crk-like protein. 2B-VWDMPS platelets are basally activated, partially degranulated, and have marked loss of cytoskeletal and contractile proteins.
Padmanabha et al. present a multi-modal detection approach to detect scratch and estimate scratch intensity consisting of a multimodal ring device and machine learning algorithms. Clinically relevant discrimination of scratching intensity levels is achievable.
Kubisch et al. examine antibody seroconversion rates after SARS-CoV-2 infection in children attending daycare centers and adults in Germany. They found higher seroconversion rates in children compared with adults, which may have an influence on reinfection severity in the younger population.