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Armstrong et al. describe how rates of obesity and hypertension differ across three sub-populations of Brazil, including two under-studied Indigenous groups. The more urbanized cultures experience more obesity and hypertension, suggesting urbanization impacts cardiovascular health.

Polvere et al. investigate B cell responses after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in people living with HIV undergoing anti-retroviral therapy. Spike-specific humoral and B cell responses persist for at least six months although a reduced ACE2/RBD binding inhibition capacity and different memory B phenotypes are observed compared to healthy controls.

Baker et al. report the presence of aggregates, possibly composed of amyloid fibrin or other plasma proteins, in blood plasma from patients with acute pulmonary embolism. These aggregates are reduced after treatment with low molecular weight heparin and are similar to those recently identified in the plasma of patients with COVID-19 or long COVID.

Erickson et al. compare OXTR DNA methylation in individuals who experienced a postpartum hemorrhage arising from uterine atony and matched controls. Those with higher OXTR DNA methylation required more oxytocin during parturition and had a higher risk of postpartum hemorrhage.

Schmidt et al. evaluate the effects of elevated circulating concentrations of cholesterol-containing lipoproteins and apolipoproteins. Effects are seen on measures of atherosclerosis, blood pressure, c-reactive protein, coronary heart disease, heart failure, Alzheimer’s disease, type 2 diabetes and inflammatory bowel disease.

Nené et al. construct machine learning models based on serum protein biomarker data to detect pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma in a nested case-control study from the UKCTOCS cohort. Their ensemble modelling approach outperforms existing combinations of biomarkers.

Leinonen et al. investigate correlations between testosterone levels and disease using genetic and health registry data from the UK Biobank and FinnGen. There is a lack of evidence for normal variation in testosterone levels having a causal contribution to most non-sex-specific traits.

Carvalho et al. develop an analysis pipeline for label-free urine proteomics data. Their approach allows monitoring of the disease course in patients with bladder cancer and flags the need for medical intervention.

Tomofuji et al. perform non-targeted metabolomics on serum samples from people with type 2 diabetes with or without complications. The authors identify metabolites associated with retinal and renal complications.

Leung, Rosa Duque et al. estimate the effectiveness of the BNT162b2 and CoronaVac SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in children and adolescents during the BA.2 wave in Hong Kong in early 2022. Their ecological approach finds that vaccine effectiveness against infection is moderate after two vaccine doses.

Schattenberg et al. outline discussions from a recent workshop on NAFLD care and advocate for a multidisciplinary approach to managing this complex and multifactorial disease. The authors highlight gaps in current models of care and make recommendations on optimising a multistakeholder approach in steatotic liver diseases.

Pan et al. determine the impact of the antiviral remdesivir (RDV) on biomarkers associated with clinical outcomes, within a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 study (PINETREE). They demonstrate that RDV-treated patients have an accelerated reduction in soluble angiopoietin-2, D-dimer and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratios.

Wilson-Aggarwal et al. use electronic medical records and door access logs from a London teaching hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic to calculate health care worker mobility and patient contacts. Significant fluctuations are seen, particularly on floors with more COVID-19 patients.

Jordan et al. test two titanium cable-clamp implants to reduce pubic symphyseal gapping. Using synthetic bone models and cadaver specimens they show that their implants provide stabilities equivalent to that of a traditional symphyseal plate fixation.

Bastard et al. estimate the extent of zoonotic human infections during the 2018–2019 Rift Valley Fever outbreak in Mayotte, France, combining passive surveillance and serological data. Estimating the case reporting fraction shows that syndromic surveillance fails to capture most infections during the epidemic.

D’Hondt et al. perform a qualitative and quantitative study on the implementation of machine learning (ML) in the intensive care unit (ICU). The authors interview hospital- and industry-based stakeholders to understand barriers in ML implementation and perform a number of ML experiments to quantify the impact of issues raised on model performance.